在讨论你问的例题之前,要分清楚tax payable和income tax expense的区别。tax payable就是根据tax return上面的taxable income计算出来当期应该交给政府的税。而income tax expense是根据income statement从财务角度根据权责发生制而计算出来当期的tax expense。由于使用不同的会计原则,tax payable和income tax expense存在一个差异,这就是产生deferred tax liability和deferred tax asset的原因。 那么回到你问的这道例题: 1. 首先我们就要计算在“不考虑税率变化对以前的净deferred tax影响”的情况下,tax payable和income tax expense。那么就引用了这个公式: income tax expense = tax payable + changes in deferred tax liability - changes in deferred tax asset 或者说income statement当期的tax expense = 当期交给政府的税款 + deferred tax liability的“净”增加额(可能是负数,如果deferred tax asset的变化更大的话) 这样,通过题目中的计算,算出来,“不考虑税率变化对以前的净deferred tax影响”的情况下: tax payable = $19,500 changes in tax liability = $20,000 * 0.3 =$6,000 (因为题目中说了,tax return计算的折旧要比income statement中用直线法计算的这就大$20,000) changes in tax asset = $5,000 * 0.3 = $1,500 ($5000的差额是由于tax return要求warranty在发生金额的时候才能计为一项支出,因此不能记入本期支出,而income statement根据权责发生制原则在当期就记为支出) 这样我们计算出来income tax expense = 19500 + 6000 - 1500 = $24,000 (这个数值,是在不考虑tax rate的变化对以前的净deferred tax的影响。但是注意,这个数值已经考虑tax rate变化对当期的影响,因为我们计算的时候,都用的是新变化的税率) 2. 下面就要考虑tax rate变化对以前净deferred tax的影响了 在期初,deferred tax liability = $16,000,那么税率从40%变化到30%,deferred tax liability就会减少25%,即 16000 / 40 * 30 = $12,000,那么changes in deferred tax liability = -$4,000 同理,changes in deferred tax liability = -$1,000 (这个$4000和$1000,都是只考虑以前的deferred tax,不要跟当起产生的deferred tax混淆) 于是我们要对上面已经计算出来的income tax expense进行调整: 最终的income tax expense = income tax expense (不考虑tax rate变化对以前净deferred tax的影响) + changes in DTL - changes in DTA = $24000 + (-4000) - (-1000) = $21,000 注意上面刚刚用的公式,并非income tax expense = tax payable + changes in DTL - changes in DTA!!这就是你疑惑的地方。上面这个公式,其实是: income tax expense (after adjustment) = income tax expense (before adjustment) + changes in DTL (only for previous years) - changes in DTA (only for previous years) 不知道我的解释你能否理解。 |