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Reading 49: Global Investment ....mance Standards-LOS c

CFA Institute Area 3-5, 7, 12, 14-18: Portfolio Management
Session 18: Global Investment Performance Standards
Reading 49: Global Investment Performance Standards
LOS c: Explain the fundamentals of compliance with the GIPS standards, including the definition of the firm, the conditions under which an investment management firm can claim compliance, and the correct wording of the GIPS compliance statement.

Whenever an investment management firm presents its investment performance as being in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS), it must state how it defines itself as a firm. Under GIPS, a firm may define itself for the purpose of claiming GIPS compliance using any of the following options EXCEPT when:

A)
the subsidiary or division of a company claims GIPS compliance when the parent company is GIPS compliant.
B)all assets are managed to one or more base currencies.
C)an investment firm, subsidiary, or division is held out to clients or potential clients as a distinct business unit.
D)an entity is registered with the appropriate national regulatory authority overseeing the entity's investment management activities.


Answer and Explanation

In order for an investment firm to claim GIPS compliance, GIPS must be applied on a firmwide basis. If the parent company is GIPS compliant, this does not automatically mean the divisions or subsidiaries are compliant. A division or subsidiary of a company would also have to comply with GIPS to be able to claim compliance. If an investment firm, subsidiary, or division is held out to clients or potential clients as a distinct business unit it can claim GIPS compliance even if the parent company is not compliant.

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Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic of how a firm defines itself? The firm definition establishes the:

A)boundaries for what is included when measuring the total firm's assets.
B)
entity to which local securities laws apply when they exceed the GIPS requirements.
C)set of portfolios that must be included in at least one of a firm's composites.
D)entity to which the GIPS standards apply when a claim of compliance is made.


Answer and Explanation

When a firm claims compliance with GIPS, it must be compliant on a firm-wide basis. The definition of the firm under the GIPS standards establishes the boundaries for what constitutes firm assets, and the set of portfolios that must be included in at least one composite.

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PTN, Inc., is an investment consulting firm. It has used Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS) since its inception two years ago. PTN claims to be in compliance with GIPS. Could this statement be TRUE?

A)No, PTN does not have a five-year compliance track record.
B)Yes, PTN does not have a five-year track record, so since inception is sufficient.
C)Yes, consulting firms have the right to use GIPS just as money management firms do.
D)
No, consulting firms cannot be GIPS compliant.


Answer and Explanation

Only investment management firms may claim compliance with GIPS because they actually manage the assets for which performance is reported.

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If DeLecrette Investment Management wishes to claim compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) for their annual financial report, the report must include which of the following statements?

A)

DeLecrette Investment Management has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®).

B)

DeLecrette Investment Management has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Presentation Standards of the CFA Institute(CFA Institute -GIPS®). CFA Institute has not been involved with the preparation or review of this report.

C)

DeLecrette Investment Management has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards of the CFA Institute (CFA Institute -GIPS®). The CFA Institute Global Investment Performance Standards Committee has not been involved with the preparation or review of this report.

D)

DeLecrette Investment Management has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Presentation Standards of the CFA Institute (CFA Institute-GIPS®). CFA Institute is not familiar with the details of this report and may not be held liable for damages resulting from any errors or omissions contained herein.



Answer and Explanation

To claim compliance, a firm must meet all required composite, calculation, disclosure, and presentation Standards. The firm is also encouraged to comply with all recommended Standards and must comply with local laws and regulations. Firms that claim compliance to the GIPS may attach the following statement to performance presentations:

[Insert name of firm] has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®).

Note that no statement about CFA Institutes involvement with the preparation or review of the report is included this is a key difference between GIPS and CFA Institute-PPS.

To claim compliance, a firm must meet all required composite, calculation, disclosure, and presentation Standards. The firm is also encouraged to comply with all recommended Standards and must comply with local laws and regulations. Firms that claim compliance to the GIPS may attach the following statement to performance presentations:

[Insert name of firm] has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®).

Note that no statement about CFA Institutes involvement with the preparation or review of the report is included this is a key difference between GIPS and CFA Institute-PPS.

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Which of the following compliance statements is mandated by the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS)?

A)[Insert name of firm] has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS).
B)[Firm Name] has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Performance Presentation Standards (GIPS®) of the CFA Institute.
C)
[Insert name of firm] has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®).
D)[Insert name of firm] has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS) of the CFA Institute. CFA Institute has not been involved in the preparation or review of this presentation.


Answer and Explanation

GIPS mandates that firms use the following compliance statement when claiming complaince with the Standards: [Insert name of firm] has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). Note the registered trademark symbol (®).

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Which of the following compliance statements is most acceptable under the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS)?

A)[Insert name of firm] has prepared and presented the performance results in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) for all composites containing equity investments.
B)[Insert name of firm] has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) and the CFA Institute.
C)
[Insert name of firm] has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®).
D)[Insert name of firm] has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). This report has also been verified in accordance with the GIPS Level III verification standards.


Answer and Explanation

GIPS mandates that firms use the following compliance statement when claiming complaince with the Standards: [Insert name of firm] has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). Note the registered trademark symbol (®). There is no such thing as partial compliance or Level III GIPS verification and CFA Institute should not be referenced.

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Eric Jicu, a highly successful portfolio manager of the EJ Fund, wishes to define the EJ Fund as a firm under the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) standards. Jicu is employed by National Investing Alliance (NIA), a small regional brokerage firm. Although he has disclosed this information to his superiors at NIA, he would like to disclose his compliance for marketing purposes by using his past actual performance results of five years, which included two years of simulated results. Jicu also managed several non-fee-paying portfolios that were non-discretionary under a different investment style. Since the results of these non-discretionary portfolios were highly successful, he wanted to include them into his EJ Fund composites for compliance. In his statement of compliance, Jicu wrote: The EJ Fund has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®).

In defining a firm, does the EJ Fund qualify as a firm under GIPS?

A)Yes, since the EJ Fund is a separate entity it does qualify under GIPS.
B)
No, since to claim compliance NIA must be included.
C)Yes, since Jicu is employed by a brokerage firm he qualifies under GIPS.
D)No, since there is no mention that Jicu is incorporated he cannot qualify as a firm.


Answer and Explanation

In constructing the historical results of the EJ Fund, is Jicu correct in his approach?

A)Yes, because he included five years of actual performance data.
B)
No, because simulated results cannot be included with actual performance results.
C)No, because GIPS requires a minimum of ten years of performance before claiming compliance.
D)No, since a firm may not include fee-paying and non-fee paying portfolios in the same composite.


Answer and Explanation

Jicu is not correct because simulated results must not be included with actual performance results. Under GIPS, composites must include only assets under management and may not link simulated or model portfolios with actual performance. Simulated, back-tested, or model portfolios results do not represent the returns of actual assets under management and may not be included in composite performance results.

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-9-18 14:53:18编辑过]

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In constructing the composites, is Jicu correct in his approach?

A)No, since fee-paying and non-fee-paying portfolios cannot be included in the same portfolio.
B)
No, since the fee-paying discretionary portfolios are managed under a different investment style as the non-fee-paying non-discretionary portfolios.
C)Yes, since fee-paying and non-fee-paying portfolios can be included in the same composite as long as they have the same investment objectives.
D)Yes, since discretionary and non-discretionary portfolios can be included in the same composite.


Answer and Explanation

Jicu is not correct in the construction of composites. They may not include any non-fee paying and non-discretionary portfolios in his composite because they have a different investment objective and style than the EJ Fund. Non-fee-paying portfolios may be included in the firms composites, but if they are, firms are required to disclose the percentage of composite assets represented by non-fee-paying portfolios. If the firm includes non-fee-paying portfolios in its composites, they are subject to the same rules as fee-paying portfolios. If a portfolios status changes from discretionary to non-discretionary, the portfolio may not be removed from a composite retroactively. However, the portfolio may be removed on a prospective basis. Composites must include all actual fee-paying discretionary portfolios. All actual fee-paying discretionary portfolios must be included in at least one composite. By including all fee-paying discretionary portfolios in at least one composite, firms cannot cherry-pick their best performing portfolios to present to prospective clients. Firms are permitted to include a portfolio in more than one composite, provided it satisfies the definition of each composite.

Firm composites must be defined according to similar investment objectives and/or strategies. Composites should be defined such that clients are able to compare the performance of one firm to another. Composites must be representative of the firms products and be consistent with the firms marketing strategy. Firms are not permitted to include portfolios with different investment strategies or objectives in the same composite. Portfolios may not be moved into and out of composites except in the case of valid, documented, client-driven changes in investment objectives or guidelines or in the case of the redefinition of the composite.

Jicu is not correct in the construction of composites. They may not include any non-fee paying and non-discretionary portfolios in his composite because they have a different investment objective and style than the EJ Fund. Non-fee-paying portfolios may be included in the firms composites, but if they are, firms are required to disclose the percentage of composite assets represented by non-fee-paying portfolios. If the firm includes non-fee-paying portfolios in its composites, they are subject to the same rules as fee-paying portfolios. If a portfolios status changes from discretionary to non-discretionary, the portfolio may not be removed from a composite retroactively. However, the portfolio may be removed on a prospective basis. Composites must include all actual fee-paying discretionary portfolios. All actual fee-paying discretionary portfolios must be included in at least one composite. By including all fee-paying discretionary portfolios in at least one composite, firms cannot cherry-pick their best performing portfolios to present to prospective clients. Firms are permitted to include a portfolio in more than one composite, provided it satisfies the definition of each composite.

Firm composites must be defined according to similar investment objectives and/or strategies. Composites should be defined such that clients are able to compare the performance of one firm to another. Composites must be representative of the firms products and be consistent with the firms marketing strategy. Firms are not permitted to include portfolios with different investment strategies or objectives in the same composite. Portfolios may not be moved into and out of composites except in the case of valid, documented, client-driven changes in investment objectives or guidelines or in the case of the redefinition of the composite.


In the compliance statement, is Jicu correct is claiming compliance?

A)Yes, since Jicu is in compliance with GIPS.
B)Yes, since a firm can claim to be GIPS compliant by meeting part of the compliance requirements.
C)
No, since Jicu is not in full compliance with GIPS.
D)No, since Jicus GIPS compliance statement is not written correctly.


Answer and Explanation

No, Jicu may not claim compliance for the EJ Fund for all of the above reasons. A firm must be in full compliance with the GIPS in order to claim GIPS compliance. There is no such thing as partial GIPS compliance! Once a firm has met all of the required elements of the GIPS, the firm may use the following Compliance Statement to indicate that the performance presentation is in compliance with the GIPS: [Insert name of firm] has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). If the performance presentation does not meet all of the requirements of the GIPS, firms cannot claim compliance with any exceptions.

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