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CFA 二级,请教一下新兴市场估值里面,三大限制是什么?五大比率的变化又是什么?谢谢

请教一下新兴市场估值里面,三大限制是指什么?五大比率的变化又指是什么?在书上没找到。谢谢

三大限制:
1)Income taxes:nominal cash outflow ---not real cash flows(should convert using the inflation index)
2)Net working capital:nominal cash outflow ---not real cash flows(should convert using the inflation index)
3)Capital expenditures:difficult to forecast

五大比率:
1)NOPLAT/invested capital -------overstated in nominal terms
2)Net PPE to revenue ------------understated in nominal terms
3)the ratio of NWC to revenue---correctly forecast
4)capital turnover ---------------overstated in nominal terms
5)operating margins-------------overstated in nominal terms

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