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Reading 2-I: Standards of Professional Conduct & Guida

LOS B.: Independence and Objectivity

1An analyst who is a CFA Institute member receives an invitation from a business associate’s firm to spend the weekend in a high-quality resort. In order to abide by the Standards, the analyst should (may):

A)   refuse the invitation if the associate is from a firm he analyzes for his employer.

B)   do all of the actions listed here.

C)   accept if it is a client whose portfolio he manages.

D)   obtain written consent from his supervisor regarding the trip.

2Tony Calaveccio, CFA, is the manager of the TrustCo Small Cap Venture Fund in Toronto. He places trades for the fund with Worldwide Brokerage. Worldwide is holding a conference in Amsterdam and has offered to pay for Calaveccio's airfare, meals, and accommodations associated with his attendance of the conference. The conference concerns European small cap securities and the EASDAQ. He decides that he will accept their offer and attend the conference. In order to comply with the Code and Standards, he may:

A)   attend, but he must disclose the arrangement to his employer as a gift.

B)   simply attend. Since the conference is directly related to his professional responsibilities, no further notification or permission is required.

C)   attend, but he must disclose the arrangement as additional compensation to his employer in writing.

D)   attend, but he must disclose the arrangement to TrustCo's clients and prospects as required under Standard IV.B.7.

3Luis Rodriguez, CFA, is an analyst at XYZ Investments. He covers a company that is located in a region that is not easily accessible. The company invites analysts for their annual analyst meeting and pays for the transportation to the remote location. Rodriguez is:

A)   not allowed to accept the payment for transportation because this is a considered a “perk” and may influence his independent judgment.

B)   allowed to accept the payment for transportation as long as it does not exceed $100.

C)   allowed to accept the payment for transportation because everyone else did.

D)   allowed to accept the payment for transportation because the trip was all business and was out of the way.


4
An analyst is told by his supervisor that when he feels he should write a buy recommendation he is free to do so, and when he feels he should write a sell recommendation he should check with the supervisor first. This practice is:

A)   in violation of Standard V(A), Diligence and Reasonable Basis.

B)   in violation of Standard I(B), Independence and Objectivity.

C)   congruent with Standard V(A), Diligence and Reasonable Basis.

D)   prudent since stocks tend to go down only about 3 years in 10.


5
All of the following would be permitted according to the CFA Institute Standards of Professional Conduct EXCEPT:

A)   air transportation paid by a corporate issuer for travel to a major metropolitan airport.

B)   use of an issuer’s corporate aircraft when commercial transportation is not available.

C)   business related entertainment that is not intended to influence the recipient.

D)   token gifts received from clients.


6
In order to comply with the CFA Institute Standards, an analyst should:

A)   use only his own research in making investment recommendations, because anything else would violate Standard I(B), Independence and Objectivity.

B)   use only his company's research when making investment recommendations and use outside research for reports and analysis on stocks.

C)   use outside research only after verifying its accuracy.

D)   use only statistical data from outside sources when issuing investment recommendations.

7、Which of the following gifts to employees from clients does NOT need to be reported to the employee’s employer?

A)   An expensive case of wine.

B)   A ski-vacation.

C)   A plasma television.

D)   An inexpensive golf shirt.

答案和详解如下:

LOS B.: Independence and Objectivity

1An analyst who is a CFA Institute member receives an invitation from a business associate’s firm to spend the weekend in a high-quality resort. In order to abide by the Standards, the analyst should (may):

A)   refuse the invitation if the associate is from a firm he analyzes for his employer.

B)   do all of the actions listed here.

C)   accept if it is a client whose portfolio he manages.

D)   obtain written consent from his supervisor regarding the trip.

The correct answer was B)

The analyst must do all of these actions to comply with the Standards. According to Standard I(B), the analyst should refuse the invitation if it is from a firm the analyst covers for his employer. The analyst can accept the invitation if it is from a client and the analyst gets approval from his supervisor according to Standard I(B). According to Standard IV(B), the analyst must receive written consent regarding all monetary compensation and benefits they receive for their services.

2Tony Calaveccio, CFA, is the manager of the TrustCo Small Cap Venture Fund in Toronto. He places trades for the fund with Worldwide Brokerage. Worldwide is holding a conference in Amsterdam and has offered to pay for Calaveccio's airfare, meals, and accommodations associated with his attendance of the conference. The conference concerns European small cap securities and the EASDAQ. He decides that he will accept their offer and attend the conference. In order to comply with the Code and Standards, he may:

A)   attend, but he must disclose the arrangement to his employer as a gift.

B)   simply attend. Since the conference is directly related to his professional responsibilities, no further notification or permission is required.

C)   attend, but he must disclose the arrangement as additional compensation to his employer in writing.

D)   attend, but he must disclose the arrangement to TrustCo's clients and prospects as required under Standard IV.B.7.

The correct answer was A)

Under Standard I(B) gifts, benefits, and other consideration cannot be accepted if the purpose was to influence or reward. Token items are OK. Worldwide Brokerage is not a client of Calaveccio but an entity that he does business with. As such Worldwide could influence Calaveccio to always do business with them which could be to the detriment of his fund if the execution of their trades starts to deteriorate compared to their competitors.

3Luis Rodriguez, CFA, is an analyst at XYZ Investments. He covers a company that is located in a region that is not easily accessible. The company invites analysts for their annual analyst meeting and pays for the transportation to the remote location. Rodriguez is:

A)   not allowed to accept the payment for transportation because this is a considered a “perk” and may influence his independent judgment.

B)   allowed to accept the payment for transportation as long as it does not exceed $100.

C)   allowed to accept the payment for transportation because everyone else did.

D)   allowed to accept the payment for transportation because the trip was all business and was out of the way.

The correct answer was D)

Standard I(B) Independence and Objectivity. Analysts should pay for their own travel accommodations if the location is accessible by normal means. In this situation payment is acceptable because the location is out of the way and the purpose of the trip is all business.

4、An analyst is told by his supervisor that when he feels he should write a buy recommendation he is free to do so, and when he feels he should write a sell recommendation he should check with the supervisor first. This practice is:

A)   in violation of Standard V(A), Diligence and Reasonable Basis.

B)   in violation of Standard I(B), Independence and Objectivity.

C)   congruent with Standard V(A), Diligence and Reasonable Basis.

D)   prudent since stocks tend to go down only about 3 years in 10.

The correct answer was B)     

The policy dictated by the supervisor would infringe upon the analyst’s independence and objectivity . It would probably discourage the analyst from making sell recommendations and, furthermore, present the opportunity for the supervisor to try and change the analyst’s mind.

5、All of the following would be permitted according to the CFA Institute Standards of Professional Conduct EXCEPT:

A)   air transportation paid by a corporate issuer for travel to a major metropolitan airport.

B)   use of an issuer’s corporate aircraft when commercial transportation is not available.

C)   business related entertainment that is not intended to influence the recipient.

D)   token gifts received from clients.

The correct answer was A)     

In order to maintain independence and objectivity, members and candidates should restrict special reimbursement arrangements concerning commercial transportation and hotel charges. Use of corporate aircraft is permitted when commercial transportation is not available.

6In order to comply with the CFA Institute Standards, an analyst should:

A)   use only his own research in making investment recommendations, because anything else would violate Standard I(B), Independence and Objectivity.

B)   use only his company's research when making investment recommendations and use outside research for reports and analysis on stocks.

C)   use outside research only after verifying its accuracy.

D)   use only statistical data from outside sources when issuing investment recommendations.

The correct answer was C)

Standard I(B), Independence and Objectivity: the analyst is allowed to use outside research only after an insightful review. There are no restrictions regarding the exclusive use of outside information or in-house information.

7、Which of the following gifts to employees from clients does NOT need to be reported to the employee’s employer?

A)   An expensive case of wine.

B)   A ski-vacation.

C)   A plasma television.

D)   An inexpensive golf shirt.

The correct answer was D)     

According to Standard I(B), Independence and Objectivity, token gifts are allowed.

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