答案和详解如下: 31 Correct answer is A “Sampling and Estimation,” Richard A. Defusco, Dennis W. McLeavey, Jerald E. Pinto, and David E. Runkel 2008 Modular Level I, Vol. 1, pp. 428-429 Study Session 2-10-d interpret the central limit theorem and describe its importance According to the central limit theorem, the sample mean of a population described by any probability distribution can be determined if the sample size n is sufficiently large, e.g., equal to or greater than 30. This process is used to estimate the population mean and standard deviation, which usually are unknown. 32 Correct answer is B “Sampling and Estimation,” Richard A. Defusco, Dennis W. McLeavey, Jerald E. Pinto, and David E. Runkel 2008 Modular Level I, Vol. 1, pp. 432-433 Study Session 2-10-g identify and describe the desirable properties of an estimator The three desirable properties of an estimator are unbiasedness, efficiency, and consistency. 33 Correct answer is B “Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly,” Michael Parkin 2008 Modular Level I, Vol. 2, pp. 225-228 Study Session 5-20-a, d describe the characteristics of monopolistic competition and oligopoly; explain the kinked demand curve model and the dominant firm model, and describe oligopoly games including the Prisoners’ Dilemma The game of Prisoners’ Dilemma applies to oligopoly and the solution from Nash equilibrium is that both prisoners would confess to the crime. 34 Correct answer is C “Markets in Action,” Michael Parkin 2008 Modular Level I, Vol. 2, pp. 74-75 Study Session 4-15-c explain the impact of taxes on supply, demand, and market equilibrium, and describe tax incidence and its relation to demand and supply elasticity In the extreme cases of products with perfectly elastic and perfectly inelastic demand, the sellers and buyers, respectively, pay the entire tax. 35 Correct answer is C “Efficiency and Equity,” Michael Parkin 2008 Modular Level I, Vol. 2, pp. 38-41 Study Session 4-14-b distinguish between the price and the value of a product and explain the demand curve and consumer surplus The consumer surplus is the value of the good minus the price paid for it (10-4) = 6, summed over the quantity bought. The total consumer surplus is the consumer surplus on each mango that Reddy buys and added together. It is the area of the right triangle = (base x height) / 2 as in Figure 3 on p. 40, with base equal to 20 mangoes a week and the height equal to 6, the consumer surplus on each mango. Thus the total consumer surplus = (20 x 6) / 2 = Rs.60 (see example on p. 41). |