关于temporal & Current rate method - FRA Level II different, everything, current, currency, operation

Zesty

想要搞懂为什么两种方法用不同的汇率，可以参考以下论述。在网上找了一圈，觉得这篇算是比较合理，讲得也比较清楚。同时献上http://www.analystforum.com/forums/cfa-forums/cfa-level-ii-forum/91311957[/url] 。 祝大家考试顺利。


Good way to think about it is determing what you are exposed to. If your firm has a whole entity in which all operations occur in a different currency, the whole operation is exposed to currency risk so you want to translate everything over at current to see what would happen if that business went under. On the other hand, when only a portion of your business or better yet a temporary extension of your business is in a foriegn country, you are not neccesrarily concerned with all the assets exposure - just the stuff that you would be translating in the near term (i.e monetary assets).
For the first case, where the whole operation is done in a foriegn country you don’t have to realize the PnL related to the FX as it doesn’t really effect you until you sell the business of or something like that. But for the second case, the nature of your business likely means you will be feeling the effects of FX movements somewhat frequently as your main currency is not your local currency.  So you would want to include the effects in net income essentially realizing them.
Further your FX exposure is going to be the net amount of your assets/liabilites that are exposed (i.e the stuff you translate at the current rate). For the case where your whole operation is foriegn you will likely be have a positive asset exposure since you are using all of translating all of your assets and liabilities over at the current rate and typically  total assets> toal liabilities, so you are basically long the forieng ccy. However for the second case, you are only moving your monetary assets and liabilities, and a lot of time monetary liabilities > monetary assets, leaving you essetentially with a short ccy exposure.

大概总结下（加上一些个人拙见，若有谬误，还请大家指正），就是关键分别在母公司是否承受汇率风险（跟随即日汇率浮动）。若承受风险就要用实时汇率（closing rate for B/S, average rate for I/S)；反之就是已经折现，须用historical记入P/L，同时结束承受汇率风险。

Current rate method用于大多operations在国外，用外币记账，收益开销都是外币，除了变卖，不会立刻折现（P/L), 所以子公司所有的资产负债都随汇率波动。Temporal method就不一样，用本币记账，所以除了做monetary asset (现金，A/R, A/P, bond payable) 尚未折现仍随汇率浮动 (by defination, monetary asset would always worth 'local' money unless exchanged...)，其他都要用historical即时折现同时记进P/L，包括inventory, finxed asset,在P/L中就体现为COGS, Depreciation。

关于FX Exposoure, current rate method 随汇率浮动的是静资产，大多情况下为正，所以母公司做多汇率；而temporal metod只有静'现金'资产岁汇率浮动，而大多数情况下又为负，所以母公司做空汇率。