答案和详解如下： Q1. If the marginal benefit of the last unit of a good or service consumed was $25, the marginal benefit of the next unit consumed is most likely to be: A) $25. B) $26. C) $24. Correct answer is C) In most cases, the marginal benefit of a good or service decreases as the quantity consumed increases. So, $24 is the most likely answer. This principle is called decreasing marginal benefit. Q2. Marginal benefit is most accurately described as the: A) benefit from producing one more unit of a good or service. B) benefit that must be forgone in order to consume an additional unit of a good or service. C) benefit an individual gets from consuming an additional unit of a good or service. Correct answer is C) Marginal benefit is the benefit a consumer receives from consuming an additional unit of a good or service. It is quantified as the maximum price that a consumer is willing to pay for one additional unit of a good or service. Q3. Marginal cost is most accurately defined as the: A) cost of producing one more unit of a good or service. B) cost that a consumer must incur to consume an additional unit of a good or service. C) value of the good or service that a consumer must forego in order to consume an additional unit of a good or service. Correct answer is A) Marginal cost is the cost of producing one more unit of output. Q4. columnist is discussing how the efficient quantity of output for a good or service is determined. These two statements appear in his column: Statement 1: The equilibrium quantity of production for a good or service can be considered efficient as long as the marginal social benefit of that quantity is greater than its marginal social cost. Statement 2: Subsidies and quotas typically result in production of a good or service in quantities at which the marginal social cost exceeds the marginal social benefit. With respect to these statements: A) both are correct. B) only one is correct. C) both are incorrect. Correct answer is C) Statement 1 is incorrect. The efficient quantity of output is the quantity at which the marginal social benefit (demand) is equal to the marginal social cost (supply). Statement 2 is also incorrect. Subsidies typically lead to overproduction, where the marginal social cost at the quantity produced is greater than the marginal social benefit. Quotas, however, typically limit production to a level below equilibrium, such that the marginal social benefit at the quantity produced is greater than the marginal social cost. | 
发表于 2008-12-31 09:42
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