答案和详解如下: Q27. The Precision Screen Printers (PSP) Company has a foreign subsidiary, the Acer Tool & Die Company, located in the country of Rolivia. The currency of Rolivia is the Chad. The balance sheet and income statement of Acer Tool & Die Company for the year-ended December 31, 2005, is shown below. The balance sheet has been restated using the U.S. dollar as the functional currency. Acer Tool & Die Company Balance Sheet As of December 31, 2005 |
| Chad (millions) | Exchange Rate (Chad/US$) | U.S. $ (millions) | Cash | 20 |
| 0.25 |
| $80 |
| Accounts receivable | 30 |
| 0.25 |
| 120 |
| Inventory | 100 |
| 0.3125 |
| 320 |
| Fixed assets (net) | 500 |
| 0.3333 |
| 1,500 |
| Total assets | 650 |
|
|
| $2,020 |
|
| Accounts payable | 50 |
| 0.25 |
| $200 |
| Capital stock | 380 |
| 0.3333 |
| 1,140 |
| Retained earnings | 220 |
| -- |
| 680 |
| Total liabilities and equity | 650 |
|
|
| $2,020 |
| Acer Tool & Die Company Income Statement For year ending December 31, 2005 (Amounts in millions of Chad) | Revenues | 1,000 | Cost of sales | 700 | Depreciation expense | 50 | Selling expense | 30 | Translation gain (or loss) |
| Net income | 220 | | | | | | | | | |
Acer has determined that the exchange rate exposure at the beginning of 2005 is −260 Chad. The exchange rate at the beginning of 2005 was 0.3333 Chad/US$. The exchange rate at the end of 2005 was 0.25 Chad/US$. The average rate for 2005 is 0.3125 Chad/US$. Beginning inventory is 90 Chad. Acer Tool & Die uses FIFO inventory valuation and depreciates fixed assets using the straight-line method. What is Acer Tool & Die's cost of sales in U.S. dollars using the temporal method?
A) $2,242. B) $2,240. C) $2,222. Correct answer is C) The basis for using the all current method is when Functional Currency is NOT the same as Parent's Presentation (reporting) Currency. The basis for using the temporal method is when Functional Currency = Parent's Presentation Currency. Purchases = COGS − Beginning inventory + ending inventory = 710 Chad
| Chad | Conversion | US$ | Beginning inventory | 90 | 0.3333 | $270 | Purchases | 710 | 0.3125 | 2,272 | Ending inventory | 100 | 0.3125 | 320 | COGS | 700 | | $2,222 |
Q28. What is the translation gain or loss for the period using the temporal method?
A) $52 loss. B) $50 gain. C) $32 loss. Correct answer is A)
When using the temporal method, only cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, current debt, and long-term debt are translated at the current rate. This means that exposure under the temporal method is: (cash + accounts receivable) − (accounts payable + current debt + long-term debt) The currency translation adjustment (CTA) is calculated as the sum of the flow effect and holding effect. Flow effect (in $) = change in exposure (in LC) × (ending rate − average rate) Holding gain/loss effect (in $) = beginning exposure (in LC) × (ending rate − beginning rate) Going back to our data in the example: Beginning exposure = −260 Chad (given) Ending exposure = (20 + 30) − (50 + 0 + 0) = 0 Change in exposure = (0 − (−260)) = 260 Flow effect (in $) = 260 × [(1 / 0.25) − (1 / 0.3125)] = 260 × [4 − 3.2] = 208 Holding gain/loss effect (in $) = −260 × [(1 / 0.25) − (1 / 0.3333)] = −260 × [4 − 3] = −260 Translation loss (in $) = flow effect + holding gain/loss effect = $208 + (−$260) = −$52 |