Pacific, Inc.’s financial information includes the following, with “change” referring to the difference from the prior year (in $ millions):
Net Income
27
Change in Accounts Receivable
+4
Change in Accounts Payable
+1
Change in Inventory
+5
Loss on sale of equipment
-8
Gain on sale of real estate
+4
Change in Retained Earnings
+21
Dividends declared and paid
+4
Pacific, Inc.’s cash flow from operations (CFO) in millions was:
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Using the indirect method, cash flow from operations is net income less increase in accounts receivable, plus increase in accounts payable, less increase in inventory, plus loss on sale of equipment, less gain on sale of real estate. 27 – 4 + 1 – 5 + 8 – 4 = $23 million.
Eagle Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2005 were as follows (in $ millions):
Income Statement
Sales
150
Cost of Goods Sold
(48)
Wages Expense
(56)
Interest Expense
(12)
Depreciation
(22)
Gain on Sale of Equipment
6
Income Tax Expense
( 8)
Net Income
10
Balance Sheet
12-31-04
12-31-05
Cash
32
52
Accounts Receivable
18
22
Inventory
46
44
Property, Plant & Equip. (net)
182
160
Total Assets
278
278
Accounts Payable
28
33
Long-term Debt
145
135
Common Stock
70
70
Retained Earnings
35
40
Total Liabilities & Equity
278
278
Cash flow from operations (CFO) for Eagle Company for the year ended December 31, 2005 was (in $ millions).
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Using the indirect method: Add: Net Income $10 Add: Depreciation Expense 22 Less: Gain from Sale of Equip. (6) Less: Increase in Accounts Receivable (4) Add: Decrease in Inventory 2 Add: Increase in Accounts Payable 5 Cash flow from operations (CFO) 29
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|
When recognizing a gain on the sale of fixed assets, the amount is a deduction to operating cash flows. This is because the gain would be double counted in the investing section and in net income. Therefore, the gain must be removed from net income. The direct method of cash flow calculation converts the income statement items to their cash equivalents, not the indirect method. Also, depreciation is added to net income in order to calculate CFO using the indirect method.
[此贴子已经被作者于2010-4-19 13:24:19编辑过]
A company has the following changes in its balance sheet accounts:
Net Sales
$500
An increase in accounts receivable
20
A decrease in accounts payable
40
An increase in inventory
30
Sale of common stock
100
Repayment of debt
10
Depreciation
2
Net Income
100
Interest expense on debt
5
The company’s cash flow from financing is:
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Sale of common stock $100 Repayment of debt (10) Financing cash flows $ 90
Which of the following statements about accounting procedures and their impact on the statement of cash flows is least valid? All else equal:
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Because of the impact of income taxes, a profitable company that accounts for inventory using LIFO will have higher total cash flow than a profitable company that uses FIFO. The company that uses LIFO will have higher cost of goods sold, resulting in lower net income and thus lower taxes.
The other statements are correct. A company that issues common stock is not required to pay dividends (which would reduce cash flow from financing). Thus, it may have the same CFF as a firm that issues debt since interest paid on debt is a component of CFO. The cash flow from operations for a company that issues a bond at a premium will be understated compared to a firm that issues a bond at par. When a company issues bonds at a premium, the coupon payment is “too big” (reduces CFO) and thus interest expense is reduced by the amount of the amortization of the premium (increases CFF).
The net income for Miller Bat Company was $3 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. Additional information is as follows:
Depreciation on fixed assets $1,500,000
Gain from cash sales of land 200,000
Increase in accounts payable 300,000
Dividends paid on preferred stock 400,000
The net cash provided by operating activities in the statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2004 is:
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$3,000,000 + $1,500,000 ? $200,000 + $300,000 = $4,600,000.
Galaxy, Inc.’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2004 included the following information (in $):
12-31-03
12-31-04
Accounts Payable
300,000
500,000
Dividends Payable
200,000
300,000
Common Stock
1,000,000
1,000,000
Retained Earnings
700,000
1,000,000
Galaxy’s net income in 2004 was $800,000. What was Galaxy’s cash flow from financing (CFF) in 2004?
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Dividends declared in 2004 are net income less the increase in retained earnings ($800,000 - $300,000 = $500,000). Dividends declared less the increase in dividends payable is dividends paid ($500,000 – ($300,000 - $200,000) = $400,000). This is a cash outflow so it is a negative number. Dividends are always cash flow from financing. Note that accounts payable changes are included in cash flow from operations (CFO).
Determine the cash flow from investing given the following table:
Item Amount Cash payment of dividends $30 Sale of equipment $25 Net income $25 Purchase of land $15 Increase in accounts payable $20 Sale of preferred stock $25 Increase in deferred taxes $5
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CFI = Sale of Equipment (+25) + Purchase of Land (–15) = $10.
Item
Amount
Cash payment of dividends
CFF
-$30
Sale of equipment
CFI
+$25
Net income
CFO
+$25
Purchase of land
CFI
-$15
Increase in accounts payable
CFO
+$20
Sale of preferred stock
CFF
+$25
Increase in deferred taxes
CFO
+$5
Which of the following statements regarding depreciation expense in the cash flow statements is TRUE? Depreciation is added back to net income when determining CFO using:
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Depreciation is a non-cash expense. Only in the indirect method is depreciation added back to net income when determining CFO because net income is only used in the indirect method and not the direct method. The direct method instead starts with cash sales and works down the income statement.
Juniper Corp. has the following transactions in 2005.
A parcel of land was purchased for $100,000 worth of Juniper common stock.
ABC company paid Juniper preferred dividends of $40,000.
Juniper declared and paid a $100,000 cash dividend.
Using the indirect method, what is cash flow from financing (CFF) for Juniper for 2005?
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The only item involving cash flow from financing (CFF) was the payment of a cash dividend by Juniper. The sale of equipment affects cash flow from investing (CFI), the purchase of land has no effect on cash, and the preferred dividends received are cash flow from operations.
Selected information from Rockway, Inc.’s U.S. GAAP financial statements for the year ended December 31, included the following (in $):
2004
2005
Sales
17,000,000
21,000,000
Cost of Goods Sold
11,000,000
15,000,000
Interest Paid
800,000
1,000,000
Current Income Taxes Paid
700,000
1,000,000
Accounts Receivable
3,000,000
2,500,000
Inventory
2,400,000
3,000,000
Property, Plant & Equip.
2,000,000
16,000,000
Accounts Payable
1,000,000
1,400,000
Long-term Debt
8,000,000
9,000,000
Common Stock
4,000,000
5,000,000
Using the direct method, cash provided or used by operating activities(CFO) in the year 2005 was:
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Cash provided or used by operating activities under the direct method is computed by adding cash inflows and subtracting cash inputs and cash outflows. Operating Cash inflows for Rockway Inc. for 2005 came from sales ($21,000,000) and decrease in accounts receivable ($3,000,000 ? $2,500,000 = $500,000) for net cash inflows of ($21,000,000 + $500,000 =) $21,500,000. Operating cash inputs were cost of goods sold ($15,000,000), plus the increase in inventory ($3,000,000 ? $2,400,000 = $600,000) less the increase in accounts payable, (which is a source of funds) ($1,000,000 ? $1,400,000 = -$400,000) for net cash inputs of ($15,000,000 + $600,000 - $400,000 =) $15,200,000. Other operating cash outflows were interest paid ($1,000,000) and current income taxes paid ($1,000,000) totaling ($2,000,000). Cash provided by operations was ($21,500,000 ? $15,200,000 ? $2,000,000 =) $4,300,000. Changes in property, plant and equipment, long-term debt and common stock do not affect cash from operations.
An analyst has gathered the following information about a company:
Income Statement 2005 | ||||
Sales | $650 | |||
Expenses | ||||
COGS | $445 | |||
Depreciation | 10 | |||
Selling, General & Admin. | 112 | |||
Interest | 10 | |||
Total expenses | 577 | |||
Pre-tax income | $73 | |||
Taxes | 29 | |||
Net income | $44 |
Balance Sheet | ||||||
Assets | 2004 | 2005 | Liabilities | 2004 | 2005 | |
Cash | 50 | 35 | Accts. Payable | 115 | 90 | |
Accts. Rec. | 120 | 140 | Wages Payable | 55 | 50 | |
Inventories | 75 | 70 | Bonds | 100 | 90 | |
Fixed Assets | 215 | 190 | Common Stock | 50 | 20 | |
Accum. Depr. | (95) | (105) | Retained Earnings | 45 | 80 | |
Total | 365 | 330 | 365 | 330 |
Note: the dividend payout ratio equals 20%.
What is the net increase or decrease in cash?
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There are two ways to approach this problem. The easier way is to just take the difference in cash from the two years: $35 ? $50 = -$15. The harder way is to create a statement of cash flows: CFO = Net Income (44) + (Depreciation) (10) – (increase in Accounts Receivable) (20) + (decrease in Inventory) (5) – (decrease in Accounts Payable) (25) – (decrease in Wages Payable) (5) = $9. CFI = $25 (fixed assets decreased by $25 representing a source of cash) CFF = Dividends paid ((0.20) × (44)) = -9 – (decrease in bonds) (10) ? (decrease in common stock) (30) = -$49. The net change in cash = 9 + 25 – 49 = -$15, or a decrease of $15.
An analyst has gathered the following information about a company:
Income Statement 2005 | ||||
Sales | $908 | |||
Expenses | ||||
COGS | $512 | |||
Depreciation | 6 | |||
Selling, General & Admin. | 129 | |||
Interest | 53 | |||
Total expenses | 700 | |||
Pre-tax income | 208 | |||
Taxes | 83 | |||
Net income | $125
|
Balance Sheet | ||||||
Assets | 2004 | 2005 | Liabilities | 2004 | 2005 | |
Cash | 60 | 80 | Accts. Payable | 100 | 75 | |
Accts. Rec. | 140 | 155 | Wages payable | 80 | 85 | |
Inventories | 47 | 72 | Bonds | 65 | 80 | |
Fixed Assets | 120 | 160 | Common Stock | 40 | 70 | |
Accum. Depr. | (29) | (35) | Retained Earnings | 53 | 122 | |
Total |
338 |
432 |
338 |
432 |
Note: the dividend payout ratio equals 45%.
What is the net increase or decrease in cash?
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There are two ways to approach this problem. The easy way is to just take the difference in cash between the two years: 80 – 60 = $20 The other way is to create a statement of cash flows: CFO = Net Income (125) – (increase in Accounts Receivable) (15) – (increase in Inventory) (25) + (Depreciation) (6) – (decrease in Accounts Payable) (25) + (increase in Wages Payable) (5) = $71. CFI = Fixed assets increased by $40 representing a use of cash = -$40. CFF = (issuance of Bonds) (15) + (issuance/sale of Common Stock) (30) – Dividends (56) = -$11 Net increase in cash = 71 – 40 –11 = $20.
Which of the following statements about the indirect method of calculating the statement of cash flows is FALSE?
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Extraordinary items are reported below income from continuing operations but above net income. You must adjust for changes in the working capital accounts: accounts receivable, inventory, and accounts payable.
Which of the following is TRUE about the consideration of depreciation in the operations section of a cash flow statement?
Direct Method Indirect Method
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The indirect method must add back depreciation expense because the starting point is net income. Since the direct method does not begin with net income it does not need to consider non-cash expenses such as depreciation.
An analyst has gathered the following information about a company:
Income Statement for the Year 2004 | |||||||
Sales | $1,500 | ||||||
Expenses | |||||||
COGS | $1,300 | ||||||
Depreciation | 30 | ||||||
Int. Expenses | 40 | ||||||
Total expenses | 1,370 | ||||||
Income from cont. op. | 130 | ||||||
Gain on sale | 30 | ||||||
Income before tax | 160 | ||||||
Income tax | 64 | ||||||
Net Income | $96 |
Additional Information: | |
Dividends paid | $30 |
Common stock sold | 20 |
Equipment purchased | 50 |
Bonds issued | 80 |
Fixed asset sold for (original cost of $100 with accumulated depreciation of $70) | 60 |
Accounts receivable decreased by | 30 |
Inventory decreased by | 20 |
Accounts payable increased by | 20 |
Wages payable decreased by | 10 |
What is the cash flow from operations?
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|
Net Income
+$96
Depreciation
+30
Gain on sale of asset
-30
Accts. Rec.
+30
Inventory
+20
Accts. Payable
+20
Wage/Pay
-10
CFO
+$156
The Beeline Company has the following balance sheet and income statement.
Beeline Company Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2004
2003
2004
2003
2004
Cash
$50
$60
Accounts payable
$100
$150
Accounts receivable
100
110
Long-term debt
400
300
Inventory
200
180
Common stock
50
50
Retained earnings
400
500
Fixed assets (gross)
800
900
Total liabilities and equity
$950
$1,000
Less: Accumulated depreciation
200
250
Fixed assets (net)
600
650
Total assets
$950
$1,000
Beeline Company Income Statement | |
For year ended December 31, 2004 | |
Sales |
$1,000 |
Less: |
|
COGS |
600 |
Depreciation |
50 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses |
160 |
Interest expense |
23 |
Income before taxes |
$167 |
Less tax |
67 |
Net income |
$100 |
The cash flow from operations for 2004 is:
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|
Cash flow from operations (CFO) calculated using the indirect method is: net income (100) + depreciation (50) – increase in accounts receivable (10) + decrease in inventory (20) + increase in accounts payable (50) = $210.
John Stone, CFA, is an investment advisor specializing in the preparation of company and industry reports for high net worth customers at Learmon Brothers. Currently, Stone is preparing a report on Soft Corporation, a rapidly growing software company. The explosive growth of this company was financed primarily by an initial public offering in which 3,000,000 shares were issued at a price of $20 per share on June 27, 2004. Soft Corporation received additional capital when employee stock options for 1,000,000 shares at a price of $10 were exercised on January 1, 2005. Stone realizes the importance of cash flow on a company's financial health and would like to include a projected statement of cash flows for 2005. Soft Corporation financial statements are presented in Tables 1 and 2. Included are the projected statements for the year ending December 31, 2005.
Table 1
Soft Corporation Balance Sheets
as of December 31(in millions)Actual 2004
Projected 2005
Cash
$24.0
$26.0
Accounts Receivable
17.0
24.0
Inventory
100.0
150.0
PP&E
100.0
125.0
Accumulated depreciation
(30.0)
(35.0)
Total Assets
$211.0
$290.0
Accounts payable
$91.0
$101.0
Long-term debt
20.0
40.0
Common stock
80.0
90.0
Retained earnings
20.0
59.0
Total liabilities and equity
$211.0
$290.0
Table 2
Soft Corporation Income Statement
for Years Ended December 31
(in millions except per share data)Actual 2004
Projected 2005
Sales
$80.0
$198.0
COGS
(38.0)
(90.0)
Gross profit
$42.0
$108.0
SG&A
(13.0)
(30.0)
Depreciation
(3.0)
(5.0)
Operating expenses
$(16.0)
$(35.0)
Interest expense
$(4.0)
$(5.0)
Pretax Income
22.0
68.0
Income tax expense
(7.0)
(25.0)
Net income
$15.0
$43.0
EPS
$2.0
$4.3
Average shares outstanding (millions)
7.5
10.0
Dividends per share
$0.1
$0.4
Stone decides to use the direct method to compute Soft Corporation's projected operating cash collections. Using this method, which of the following is Soft Corporation's projected operating cash collections for the year ending December 31, 2005 (in millions)?
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Under the direct method, cash collections are found by subtracting the change in accounts receivable from total sales. This is done because an increase in receivables indicates sales that were made on credit. In the case of Soft Corporation, the calculation is as follows: 198.0 – (24.0 – 17.0) = 191.0 Therefore, the correct answer is 191.0. Financing activities and expenses are not included in cash collections from operating activities.
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Under the direct method cash inputs = -COGS + decrease in inventory + increase in accounts payable. The calculation for Soft Corporation’s projected cash inputs is as follows: -90.0 ? (150.0 ? 100.0) + (101.0 ? 91.0) = -130.0
John Stone, CFA, is an investment advisor specializing in the preparation of company and industry reports for high net worth customers at Learmon Brothers. Currently, Stone is preparing a report on Soft Corporation, a rapidly growing software company. The explosive growth of this company was financed primarily by an initial public offering in which 3,000,000 shares were issued at a price of $20 per share on June 27, 2004. Soft Corporation received additional capital when employee stock options for 1,000,000 shares at a price of $10 were exercised on January 1, 2005. Stone realizes the importance of cash flow on a company's financial health and would like to include a projected statement of cash flows for 2005. Soft Corporation financial statements are presented in Tables 1 and 2. Included are the projected statements for the year ending December 31, 2005.
Table 1
Soft Corporation Balance Sheets
as of December 31
(in millions)
Actual 2004
Projected 2005
Cash
$24.0
$26.0
Accounts Receivable
17.0
24.0
Inventory
100.0
150.0
PP&E
100.0
125.0
Accumulated depreciation
(30.0)
(35.0)
Total Assets
$211.0
$290.0
Accounts payable
$91.0
$101.0
Long-term debt
20.0
40.0
Common stock
80.0
90.0
Retained earnings
20.0
59.0
Total liabilities and equity
$211.0
$290.0
Table 2
Soft Corporation Income Statement
for Years Ended December 31
(in millions except per share data)
Actual 2004
Projected 2005
Sales
$80.0
$198.0
COGS
(38.0)
(90.0)
Gross profit
$42.0
$108.0
SG&A
(13.0)
(30.0)
Depreciation
(3.0)
(5.0)
Operating expenses
$(16.0)
$(35.0)
Interest expense
$(4.0)
$(5.0)
Pretax Income
22.0
68.0
Income tax expense
(7.0)
(25.0)
Net income
$15.0
$43.0
EPS
$2.0
$4.3
Average shares outstanding (millions)
7.5
10.0
Dividends per share
$0.1
$0.4
Stone decides to use the direct method to compute Soft Corporation's projected net cash flow from financing activities. Under this method, what will Stone report Soft Corporation's projected net cash flow from financing activities to be for 2005 (in millions)?
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There are three components that Stone will need to calculate Soft Corporation's projected net cash flow from financing activities, issuance of long-term debt, issuance of common stock, and payment of cash dividends. The calculation will be the same under both the direct and indirect methods and is as follows: (40.0 – 20.0) + (10.0) – (4.0) = 26.0 The issuance of common stock is from the exercise of the employee stock options. The correct choice is 26.0.
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Soft Corporation's net cash flow from operations are $1.0 million, they spent $(25.0) million on PP&E, and received $26.0 million from financing activities. This makes the net change in cash $2,000,000. Note that projected cash for 2005 is 2.0 million greater than at year-end 2004.
An analyst has gathered the following information about a company:
Income Statement for the Year 2005 | |||||||
Sales | $1,500 | ||||||
Expenses | |||||||
COGS | $1,300 | ||||||
Depreciation | 20 | ||||||
Goodwill | 10 | ||||||
Int. Expenses | 40 | ||||||
Total expenses | 1,370 | ||||||
Income from cont. op. | 130 | ||||||
Gain on sale | 30 | ||||||
Income before tax | 160 | ||||||
Income tax | 64 | ||||||
Net Income | $96 |
Additional Information: | |
Dividends paid | 30 |
Common stock sold | 20 |
Equipment purchased | 50 |
Bonds issued | 80 |
Fixed asset sold for (original cost of $100 with accumulated depreciation of $70) | 60 |
Accounts receivable decreased by | 30 |
Inventory decreased by | 20 |
Accounts payable increased by | 20 |
Wages payable decreased by | 10 |
What is the cash flow from investing?
| ||
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|
Purchase of equipment
-$50
Fixed asset sold
$60
CFI
$10
An analyst contemplates using the indirect method to create the projected statement of cash flows. She decides to research the differences between the direct and indirect methods. Which of the following is least likely a component of the statement of cash flows under the direct method?
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|
Property, Plant, & Equipment and payment of dividends are components of the statement of cash flows under both the direct and indirect methods. Net income is the first figure under the indirect method, but it is not a part of the
An analyst contemplates using the indirect methods to create the projected statement of cash flows. She decides to research the differences between the direct and indirect methods. Which of the following statements is most accurate? Under the:
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|
The indirect method begins with net income, which has already included all cash and non-cash expenses. Therefore, under the indirect method, depreciation must be added to net income, because it is a non-cash expense.
Determine the cash flow from operations given the following table.
Item Amount Cash payment of dividends $30 Sale of equipment $25 Net income $25 Purchase of land $15 Increase in accounts payable $20 Sale of preferred stock $25 Increase in deferred taxes $5 Profit on sale of equipment $15
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|
CFO = 25(NI) + 20(AP) + 5(Def Tax) ? 15(Equip Profit) = $35
Item
Amount
Cash payment of dividends
CFF
-$30
Sale of equipment
CFI
+$25
Net income
CFO
+$25
Purchase of land
CFI
-$15
Increase in accounts payable
CFO
+$20
Sale of preferred stock
CFF
+$25
Increase in deferred taxes
CFO
+$5
Profit on sale of equipment
CFO
-$15
Determine the cash flow from financing given the following table.
Item Amount Cash payment of dividends $30 Sale of equipment $10 Net income $25 Purchase of land $15 Increase in accounts payable $20 Sale of preferred stock $25 Increase in deferred taxes $5 Profit on sale of equipment $15
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|
CFF = 25(Sale of Stock) ? 30(Div Paid) = -$5
A firm has net sales of $3,500, earnings after taxes (EAT) of $1,000, depreciation expense of $500, cost of goods sold (COGS) of $1,500, and cash taxes of $500. Also, inventory decreased by $100, and accounts receivable increased by $300. What is the firm's cash flow from operations?
| ||
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|
Indirect Method
EAT
+1,000
Depreciation
+500
Change in Inv.
+ 100 a source
Change in Accts. Rec.
(300) a use
CFO
1,300
Direct Method
Net Sales
+3,500
Change in Accts. Rec.
(300) a use
COGS
(1,500)
Cash Taxes
(500)
Change in Inv.
+100 a source
CFO
1,300
An analyst has gathered the following information about a company:
Income Statement for the Year Sales $1,500 Expenses COGS $1,300 Depreciation 20 Goodwill 10 Int. Expenses 40 Total expenses 1,370 Income from cont. op. 130 Gain on sale 30 Income before tax 160 Income tax 64 Net Income $96
Additional Information: Dividends paid $30 Common stock sold 20 Equipment purchased 50 Bonds issued 80 Fixed asset sold for (original cost of $100 with accumulated depreciation of $70) 60 Accounts receivable decreased by 30 Inventory decreased by 20 Accounts payable increased by 20 Wages payable decreased by 10
What is the cash flow from financing?
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|
Dividends paid
-$30
Sale of stock
20
Bonds issued
80
CFF
$70
The Red Company’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2004 was as follows:
Dec. 31, 2003
Dec. 31, 2004
Cash
$1,500,000
$1,900,000
Accounts Receivable
3,000,000
3,400,000
Inventory
2,300,000
2,500,000
Property, Plant & Equipment
16,700,000
19,700,000
Less Accumulated Depreciation
(5,300,000)
(8,200,000)
Total Assets
$18,200,000
$19,300,000
Accounts Payable
$2,100,000
$1,900,000
Interest Payable
800,000
1,200,000
Income Taxes Payable
1,000,000
800,000
Notes Payable
2,700,000
2,900,000
Deferred Income Taxes
2,600,000
2,900,000
Common Stock
1,000,000
1,000,000
Retained Earnings
8,000,000
8,600,000
$18,200,000
$19,300,000
Red’s interest expense was $900,000 and income tax expense was $1,000,000 in 2004. Red prepares its Statements of Cash Flows using the direct method.
The other cash outflows section of Cash Flow from Operations (CFO) for 2004 would total:
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|
Other cash outflows is the third step in calculating CFO using the direct method. It consists of Cash taxes paid + Cash interest paid. Cash interest paid = interest expense less increase in interest payable: ($900,000 – (1,200,000 - $800,000) =) $500,000. Cash taxes paid = tax expense of $1,000,000 + decrease in income taxes payable (1,000,000-800,000) = 200,000 - increase in deferred income taxes (2,600,000-2,900,000) = 300,000 $900,000 Other cash outflows = $500,000 + 900,000 = $1,400,000
Financial information for Jefferson Corp. for the year ended December 31st, was as follows:
Sales |
$3,000,000 |
Purchases |
1,800,000 |
Inventory at Beginning |
500,000 |
Inventory at Ending |
800,000 |
Accounts Receivable at Beginning |
300,000 |
Accounts Receivable at Ending |
200,000 |
Other Operating Expenses Paid |
400,000 |
Based upon this data and using the direct method, what was Jefferson Corp.’s cash flow from operations (CFO) for the year ended December 31st?
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Cost of goods sold was (beginning inventory plus purchases less ending inventory) ($500,000 + $1,800,000 ? $800,000 =) $1,500,000. Cash flow from operations under the direct method is calculated by: Cash collections: $3,100,000 (net sales plus decrease in accounts receivable) of ($3,000,000 + ($300,000 ? $200,000)) Less direct cash inputs: $1,800,000 (cost of goods sold plus increase in inventory) of ($1,500,000 + $300,000) Less other cash outflows of $400,000 CFO = ($3,100,000 – 1,800,000 – 400,000) = $900,000
Capital Corp.’s activities in the year 2005 included the following:
At the beginning of the year, Capital purchased a cargo plane from Aviation Partners for $10 million in a transaction consisting of $2 million cash, $3 million in Capital Corp. bonds and $5 million in Capital Corp. preferred stock.
Interest of $150,000 was paid on the bonds, and dividends of $250,000 were paid on the preferred stock.
At the end of the year, the cargo plane was sold for $12,000,000 cash to Standard Company. Proceeds from the sale were used to pay off the $3 million in bonds held by Aviation Partners.
On Capital Corp.’s Statement of Cash Flow for the year ended December 31, 2005, cash flow from investments (CFI) related to the above activities is:
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Investing cash of $2 million was used to purchase the cargo plane. Proceeds from the sale of the plane were a source of $12 million of investing cash. Net CFI is $12 million ? $2 million = $10 million. The interest payment is included in cash from operations (CFO) and the dividend payment in cash from financing (CFF). Redemption of the bonds is a use of cash from financing (CFF).
Favor, Inc.’s capital and related transactions during 2005 were as follows:
Favor, Inc.’s cash flow from financing (CFF) for 2005 (assume U.S. GAAP) is:
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Issuing bonds in exchange for equipment does not affect cash flow. Interest paid is an operating cash flow. Exchanging bonds for stock does not affect cash, but should still be disclosed in a footnote to the Statement of Cash Flows. Dividends paid are considered financing activities. In this case, only the preferred stock dividends paid would be considered CFF.
Mark Industries' income statement and related notes for the year ended December 31 are as follows (in $):
Sales
42,000,000
Cost of Goods Sold
(32,000,000)
Wages Expense
(1,500,000)
Depreciation Expense
(2,500,000)
Interest Expense
(1,000,000)
Income Tax Expense
(2,000,000)
Net Income
3,000,000
During the year:
Mark Industries’ cash flow from operations (CFO) for the year ended December 31 was:
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Using the indirect method, net income is increased by depreciation expense, the increase in wages payable and the increase in income taxes payable, and then is reduced by the decrease in interest payable. Dividends paid are financing activities. $3,000,000 + $2,500,000 + $100,000 + $500,000 - $200,000 = $5,900,000.
What is the impact on accounts receivable if sales exceed cash collections and what is the impact on accounts payable if cash paid to suppliers exceeds purchases?
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If a firm sells more than it collects, accounts receivable will increase. If a firm pays suppliers more than it purchases, accounts payable will decrease.
Murray Company reported the following revenues and expenses for the year ended 2007:
Sales revenue |
$200,000 |
Wage expense |
89,000 |
Insurance expense |
17,000 |
Interest expense |
10,400 |
Depreciation expense |
50,000 |
Following are the related balance sheet accounts:
|
2007 |
2006 |
Unearned revenue |
$15,600 |
$13,200 |
Wages payable |
5,400 |
6,600 |
Prepaid insurance |
1,200 |
0 |
Interest payable |
500 |
1,600 |
Accumulated depreciation |
95,000 |
45,000 |
Calculate cash collections and cash expenses.
Cash collections |
Cash expenses |
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Cash collections are $202,400 ($200,000 sales + $2,400 increase in unearned revenue). Cash expenses are $119,900 (–$89,000 wages expense – $1,200 decrease in wages payable – $17,000 insurance expense – $1,200 increase in prepaid insurance – $10,400 interest expense – $1,100 decrease in interest payable). Depreciation expense is a non-cash expense.
Maverick Company reported the following financial information for 2007:
in millions
Beginning accounts receivable
$180
Ending accounts receivable
225
Sales
11,000
Beginning inventory
2,000
Ending inventory
2,300
Purchases
8,100
Beginning accounts payable
1,600
Ending accounts payable
1,200
Calculate Maverick’s cost of goods sold and cash paid to suppliers for 2007.
Cost of goods sold |
Cash paid to suppliers |
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Cost of goods sold is equal to $7,800 million ($2,000 million beginning inventory + $8,100 million purchases – $2,300 million ending inventory). Cash paid to suppliers is equal to $8,500 million (–$7,800 COGS – $300 million increase in inventory – $400 million decrease in accounts payable). Alternate solution: Cash paid to suppliers is equal to $8,500 million (–$8,100 million purchases – $400 decrease in accounts payable).
Darth Corporation’s most recent income statement shows net sales of $6,000, and Darth’s marginal tax rate is 40%. The total expenses reported were $3,200, all of which were paid in cash. In addition, depreciation expense was reported at $800. A further examination of the most recent balance sheets reveals that accounts receivable during that period increased by $1,000. The cash flow from operating activities reported by Darth should be:
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Net income is ($6,000 – 3,200 – 800)(1 – 0.4) = $1,200. Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flow from operating activities will require that depreciation ($800) be added back, and increase in accounts receivable ($1,000) be subtracted: $1,200 + 800 – 1,000 = $1,000.
Use the following financial data for Moose Printing Corporation to calculate the cash flow from operations (CFO) using the indirect method.
Net income: $225
Increase in accounts receivable: $55
Decrease in inventory: $33
Depreciation: $65
Decrease in accounts payable: $25
Increase in wages payable: $15
Decrease in deferred taxes: $10
Purchase of new equipment: $65
Dividends paid: $75
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CFO for Moose Printing Corporation is calculated as follows: +Net Income $225 ? A/R $55 + Inventory $33 + Depreciation $65 ? A/P $25 + Wages Payable $15 ? Deferred taxes $10 = $248. The purchase of new equipment would be an investing activity and, therefore, would not be included in the CFO. Dividends paid would be a financing activity and would not be included in the CFO.
Use the following information to calculate cash flows from operations using the indirect method.
Net Income: $12,000
Depreciation Expense: $1,000
Loss on sale of machinery: $500
Increase in Accounts Receivable: $2,000
Decrease in Accounts Payable: $1,500
Increase in Income taxes payable: $500
Repayment of Bonds: $3,000
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Cash flow from operations would be calculated as +Net Income $12,000 + Depreciation $1,000 + Loss on sale of machinery $500 ? A/R $2,000 ? A/P $1,500 + Income taxes payable $500 = $10,500. Repayment of Bonds is a financing activity and would not be included with operating activities. Depreciation is not a cash flow activity and is therefore always added back to net income to calculate CFO. The loss on the sale of machinery is not a cash outflow so it is also added back to calculate CFO. Accounts receivable is subtracted when there is an increase as this increases net income but does not affect cash.
An analyst compiled the following information for Universe, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 20X4:
Using the indirect method and assuming U.S. GAAP, what was Universe Inc.’s cash flow from operations (CFO) for the year ended December 31, 20X4?
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Cash flow from operations (CFO) using the indirect method is computed by taking net income plus non-cash expenses (i.e. depreciation) less gains from the equipment sale. Note that cash flow from operations must be adjusted downward for the amount of the gain on the sale of the equipment. Cash flow from operations is ($850,000 + $200,000 – ($100,000 ? $50,000)) = $1,000,000. Note that interest and income taxes paid are expenses shown on the income statement and will already be factored into net income. The other information relates to financial and investing cash flows.
When using the indirect method for computing cash flow from operating activities, a change in accounts payable will require which of the following?
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A decrease in accounts payable represents an outflow. Hence, a negative adjustment will be required. Conversely, an increase represents an inflow and a positive adjustment.
Given the following information, what is the adjustment to net income when calculating cash flow from operations using the indirect method?
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Using the indirect method, the increase in accounts payable is a source of cash from operations (+25), depreciation expense is a non-cash expense added back in computing cash from operations (+100), and increase in inventory is a use of cash from operations (-20) = 25 + 100 - 20 = 105. The sale of stock and the dividends paid are financing cash flows that are not included in net income, so they do not require adjustment when calculating CFO.
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