Reported accounting data are most likely to bias an estimate of residual income when:
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Bias is likely when standards allow charges directly to stockholders’ equity while bypassing the income statement. Both remaining responses are consistent with the use of data that will not introduce a bias.
In general, firms making aggressive accounting decisions will report future earnings that are:
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In general, firms making aggressive (conservative) accounting decisions will report higher (lower) book values and lower (higher) future earnings.
In general, firms making aggressive accounting decisions will report book values that are:
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In general, firms making aggressive (conservative) accounting decisions will report higher (lower) book values and lower (higher) future earnings.
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