An off-market forward rate agreement (FRA):
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An off-market FRA has a contract rate that differs from the zero-value rate at the inception of the contract; by definition, it has a positive value to one of the parties to the FRA.
A swap is equivalent to a series of:
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Since the fixed rate on the swap is the same at every settlement date, a series of FRAs at those fixed rates will have values that differ from zero to the extent the fixed rate and the zero-value rate differ. This makes them off-market FRAs.
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