1. "payable turnover = purchase / average payable" or "cogs / average payable"....

2. if interest rate increases, will a company choose to retire the bond through delivery of securities or cash?

. "payable turnover = purchase / average payable" or "cogs / average payable"....精确的应该是前面这个公式，但是很多公司不一定报告本期采购，只好用后面这个公式代替了。

第二个问题，利率上升，理论上可以提早偿还固定利率的债券，但实践中受到很多因素制约的