Is an acquisition of treasury stock or a loss from the write-down of inventory under the lower-of-cost-or-market rule included in comprehensive income?
| Inventory write-down | Acquisition of treasury stock |
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Comprehensive income includes all transactions that affect shareholders’ equity except transactions with shareholders. Thus, any transaction that affects net income would also affect comprehensive income. Since the inventory write-down is included in net income, it is part of comprehensive income. The acquisition of treasury stock is a transaction with shareholders; thus, it is not a part of comprehensive income.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, Milan Company reported the following financial information:
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Gross profit from sales |
$600,000 |
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Operating expenses |
100,000 |
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Unrealized loss from foreign currency translation |
30,000 |
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Dividends received from available-for-sale securities |
15,000 |
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Increase in minimum pension liability |
45,000 |
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Interest expense |
25,000 |
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Acquired treasury stock for $25,000 more than original book value |
75,000 |
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Unrealized gain from available-sale-securities |
20,000 |
Ignoring taxes, calculate Milan’s net income and comprehensive income for 2007.
| Net income | Comprehensive income |
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Net income is equal to $490,000 ($600,000 gross profit – $100,000 operating expenses + $15,000 dividends received – $25,000 interest expense). Comprehensive income includes all transactions that affect stockholders’ equity except transactions with shareholders. Thus, comprehensive income is equal to $435,000 ($490,000 net income – $30,000 unrealized loss from foreign currency translation – $45,000 increase in minimum pension liability + $20,000 unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities). The treasury stock purchase is a transaction with shareholders and is not included in either comprehensive income or net income.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, Cobra Company reported the following financial information:
Revenue $100,000
Cost of goods sold 40,000
Operating expenses 20,000
Unrealized gain from foreign currency translation 5,000
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedging derivatives 3,000
Dividends paid to common shareholders 7,500
Realized gain on sale of equipment 1,000
Ignoring taxes, calculate Cobra’s net income and comprehensive income for 2007.
| Net income | Comprehensive income |
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Net income is equal to $41,000 ($100,000 revenue – $40,000 COGS – $20,000 operating expenses + $1,000 realized gain on sale of equipment). Comprehensive income includes all transactions that affect stockholders’ equity except transactions with shareholders. Comprehensive income includes net income, unrealized gains and losses from available-for-sales securities, unrealized gains and losses from cash flow hedging derivatives, and gains and losses from foreign currency translation. Thus, comprehensive income is equal to $43,000 ($41,000 net income + $5,000 unrealized gain from foreign currency translation – $3,000 unrealized loss from cash flow hedging derivatives). Dividends paid is a transaction with shareholders and is not included in comprehensive income.
Barracuda Corporation, a U.S. corporation, owns a subsidiary located in Germany. The German subsidiary’s financial statements are maintained in euros. If the euro recently appreciated relative to the U.S. dollar, how would the unrealized translation gain affect Barracuda’s retained earnings and total stockholders’ equity?
| Retained earnings | Total stockholders' equity |
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Unrealized foreign currency translation gains and losses are not reported in the income statement; thus, retained earnings are unaffected. However, unrealized foreign currency gains and losses are included in comprehensive income. Comprehensive income includes all changes in equity except those that result from transactions with shareholders. So, the translation gain increases stockholders’ equity by increasing comprehensive income.
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