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标题: 财经词典 ─ 汉英对照 [打印本页]

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:09 标题: 财经词典 ─ 汉英对照

A

中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
安静申请	Quiet Filing	The name given to an IPO filing where important details are intentionally excluded. Sent to the SEC in order to begin the process of issuing a new security, these details must be submitted through amendments. This form of filing generally takes longer than the conventional methods.
安全投资转移	Flight to Quality	When investors move their capital to the safest possible investment vehicle. It is usually caused by uncertainty in the financial markets.
按比例	Pro Rata	Used to describe a proportionate allocation.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:16

B

中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
巴黎俱乐部	Paris Club	A monthly meeting, taking place in Paris, between the creditors of 19 countries for the purpose of discussing debt issues. Among other things, the Paris Club addresses the issue of coordinated debt relief for developing countries that cannot service their debt.
白皮书	White Paper	An informational document issued by companies trying to promote or highlight the significance of a planned product or service
白武士	White Knight	A company that makes a friendly takeover offer for the control of a target company that is being faced with a hostile takeover from a separate party.
白象	White Elephant	Any investment that nobody wants because it is a money loser.
半可变因素	Semi-Variable Cost	A cost composed of a mixture of fixed and variable components. Costs are fixed for a set level of production or consumption, becoming variable after the level is exceeded.
半年	Semi-annual	An event that occurs twice in a calendar year.
保管人	Custodian	A financial institution that has the legal responsibility for a customer's securities. This implies management as well as safekeeping.
保管帐户	Custodial Account	1. An account created at a bank, brokerage firm or mutual fund company that is managed by an adult for a minor that is under the age of 18 to 21 (depending on state legislation).
保护主义	Protectionism	Actions taken by a government to prevent imports from destroying domestic producers.
保荐人	Sponsor	In the context of mutuals, an underwriting company that offers shares in its mutual funds. In the context of stocks, an influential investor who creates demand for a security because of their positive outlook on it.
保留管理层的收购项目	Management Buyin (MBI)	When a group of investors outside of a company purchase a controlling block of shares and keep the existing management.
保留盈余	R/E	The percentage of net earnings not paid out in dividends, but retained by the company to be reinvested in its core business or to pay debt. It is recorded under shareholders equity on the balance sheet. Calculated by adding net income to (or subtracting any net losses from) beginning retained earnings and subtracting any dividends paid to shareholders.
保留盈余	Retained Earnings	The percentage of net earnings not paid out in dividends, but retained by the company to be reinvested in its core business or to pay debt. It is recorded under shareholders equity on the balance sheet.
保收债券	Cushion Bond	A type of callable bond that sells at a premium because the issued coupon payments are above market interest rates
保证金、按金	Margin Account	The use of borrowed money to purchase securities, referred to as "buying on margin." The amount of equity contributed by a customer as a percentage of the current market value of the securities held in a margin account. In a general business context, margin refers to the difference between selling price and the cost of goods sold.
贝塔系数	Beta (Coefficient)	The measure of systematic risk of a security. Beta (or beta coefficient) is a means of measuring the volatility of a security or portfolio of securities in comparison with the market as a whole.
备考、模拟	Pro Forma	A latin term that translates into "for the sake of form." In the investing world, the term describes a method of calculating financial results in order to emphasize either current or projected figures.
备考盈利	Pro Forma Earnings	Earnings that are derived by pro forma rather than standard GAAP methods.
背对背贷款	Back-to-Back Loan	A loan where two companies in different countries borrow offsetting amounts in each other's currency. The purpose of this transaction is to hedge against currency fluctuations.
被动投资	Passive Investing?	An investment strategy involving limited ongoing buying and selling actions. Passive investors will purchase investments with the intention of long-term appreciation and limited maintenance.
倍数	Multiple	Another term for the price/earnings ratio, which is calculated by dividing a stock's current price by the company's current annual earnings per share.
倍数压缩	Multiple Compression	Arises when a stock trades at a certain multiple and, while earnings may be good, the stock price doesn't move or sometimes goes down. The result is that the multiple is reduced even though nothing is fundamentally wrong with the company. The valuation has been called into question and the multiple that you are willing to pay for that stock is the only thing different.
本金、[企业]主要负责人、[交易]当事人	Principal	The amount borrowed or the amount still owed on a loan, separate from interest. The original amount invested, separate from earnings. The face value of a bond. The owner of a private company. The main party to a transaction, acting as either a buyer or seller for his/her own account and risk.
本年迄今	YTD	The period beginning January 1st of the current year up until today's date
本年迄今	Year To Date (YTD)	The period beginning January 1st of the current year up until today's date
本票	Promissory Note	A written, dated, and signed two-party instrument containing an unconditional promise by the maker to pay a definite sum of money to a payee on demand or at a specified future date.
本债比	Gearing	This is the ratio of long-term funds with fixed interest that makes up a firm's capital.
比例税	Proportional Tax	An income tax that takes the same percentage of income from everyone regardless of how much (or little) an individual earns.
必付合约	Take or Pay	A provision, written into a contract, whereby one party has the obligation of either taking delivery of goods or paying a specified amount.
避风港	Safe Harbor	A legal provision to reduce or eliminate liability as long as good faith is demonstrated. A form of shark repellant where a target company acquires a business that is so poorly regulated that the target itself is less attractive. In effect, this gives the target company a "safe harbor." An accounting method that avoids legal or tax regulations and allows for a simpler (usually) method of determining a tax consequence than is available following the precise language of the tax code.
避税乐园	Tax Haven	A country that offers individuals and businesses little or no tax liability.
边际税率	Marginal Tax Rate	The amount of tax paid on an additional dollar of income. As income rises, so does the tax rate.
边际效用	Marginal Utility	The additional satisfaction obtained by a consumer from consuming one more unit of a good or service.
贬值	Devaluation	Lowering the value of a country's currency compared to the value of a commodity or to the value of another country's currency.
变动率	ROC	One of two principal clearing houses for securities traded in the Euromarkets.
变动率	Rate of Change (ROC)	The speed at which a variable changes over a specific period of time.
标准差	Standard Deviation	A measure of the dispersion of a set of data from its mean. The more spread apart the data is, the higher the deviation. In finance, standard deviation is applied to the annual rate of return of an investment to measure the investment's volatility (risk).
标准普尔	S&P (Standard And Poor's)	A company that rates stocks and corporate and municipal bonds according to risk profiles. Additionally, Standard and Poor's produces and tracks the S&P indexes, and publishes a variety of financial and investment reports.
标准普尔	S&P	A company that rates stocks and corporate and municipal bonds according to risk profiles. Additionally, Standard and Poor's produces and tracks the S&P indexes, and publishes a variety of financial and investment reports.
标准普尔500	S&P500	An index consisting of 500 stocks chosen for market size, liquidity, and industry group representation. It is a market-value weighted index, with each stock's weight in the index proportionate to its market value
表现超越大市	Market Outperform	An analyst recommendation meaning a stock is expected to do slightly better than the market return.
表现超越大市	Outperform	An analyst recommendation meaning a stock is expected to do slightly better than the market return.
表现股票	Performance Shares	Shares of company stock that are given to managers only if certain performance criteria is met.
表现落后大市	Underperform	An analyst recommendation that means a stock is expected to do slightly worse than the market return
波动性	Volatility	In general, volatility is a statistical measure of the tendency of a market or security to rise or fall sharply within a short period of time. Volatility is typically calculated by using variance or annualized standard deviation of the price or return. Volatility is a variable that appears in option pricing formulas. In the option pricing formula, it denotes the extent to which the the return of the underlying asset will fluctuate between now and the expiration of the option.
表现最佳承销商	Bulge Bracket	The group of firms in an underwriting syndicate who sold the largest amount of the issue.
补偿买进	Buy-In	When an investor is forced to repurchase shares because the seller did not deliver the securities in a timely fashion, or did not deliver them at all.
不可抗力	Force Majeure	Literally translated as "great force," this clause is included in contracts to remove liability for unforeseen events restricting participants from fulfilling obligations.
不可买回	Non-Callable	Securities that cannot be called by the issuer prior to maturity.
不良贷款	Bad Debt	A debt which is not collectable and therefore worthless to the creditor.
不良贷款	NPL	Loans that are in default or close to being in default.
不良资产	Non-Performing Asset	Any asset that is not effectively producing income.
不良贷款	Non-Performing Loan	Loans that are in default or close to being in default.
不能变现	Illiquid	An asset or security that cannot be converted into cash very quickly (or near prevailing market prices).
部分还款	Paydown	The process of repaying a portion of an outstanding loan balance.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:17

C

中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
CEDEL	CEDEL	A zero-coupon bond issued by a corporation, it can be converted into that corporation's common stock at a certain price.
财产转让	Disposition	Getting rid of an asset or security through a direct sale or some other method.
财产	Property	A legally owned possession or real estate.
财产税	Property Tax	A tax assessed on real estate by the local government. The tax is usually based on the value of property (including the land) you own.
财富500	Fortune 500	An annual list of the 500 largest companies in the United States. The list is compiled using the most recent figures for revenue.
财富效应	The Wealth Effect	The "wealth effect" refers to the propensity of people to spend more if they have more assets. The premise is that when the value of equities rises, so does our wealth and disposable income. Therefore, we feel more comfortable about spending.
财富增值指数	Wealth Added Index (WAI)	Designed by the Steward Stern & Co. consulting firm, this index measures wealth intuitively as returns exceeding shareholder's cost of capital.
财富效应	Wealth Effect	The "wealth effect" refers to the propensity of people to spend more if they have more assets. The premise is that when the value of equities rises, so does our wealth and disposable income. Therefore, we feel more comfortable about spending.
财富管理	Wealth Management	A professional service which is the combination of financial/investment advice, accounting/tax services, and legal/estate planning for one fee.
财务	Finance	The science that describes the management of money, banking, credit, investments, and assets.
财务会计	Financial Accounting	Reporting of the financial position and performance of a firm through financial statements issued to external users on a periodic basis.
财务会计标准委员会	Financial Accounting Standards Board - (FASB)	Designated as the organization for establishing standards of financial accounting and reporting. FASB standards govern the preparation of financial reports and are recognized by the SEC.
财务表现	Financial Performance	A company's ability to generate new resources, from day-to-day operations, over a given period of time.
财务规划	Financial Planner	An investment professional who assists individuals put together a financial plan and coordinate various financial activities.
财务代理	Fiscal Agent	An organization, such as a bank or trust company, that takes responsibility for the fiscal duties of an unrelated party.
财务年度	Fiscal Year	Any 12-month period that a company uses for accounting purposes.
财政政策	Fiscal Policy	Government spending policies that influence macroeconomic conditions. These policies affect tax rates, interest rates, and government spending, in an effort to control the economy.
CAMELS评级制度	CAMELS Rating System	An international bank-rating system with which bank supervisory authorities rate institutions according to six factors. The six areas examined are represented by the acronym "CAMELS."
参考比率	Reference Rate	The underlying index or rate upon which a floating-rate security is based.
残值	Salvage Value	The estimated value that an asset will realize upon its sale at the end of its useful life.
长城	Chinese Wall	A slang term for the division within a brokerage firm that prevents insider information from being handed out by corporate advisers to investment traders.
长期债款、融资债务	Funded Debt	A long term debt that matures after more than one year.
长期债券	Long Bond	A bond that matures in more than 10 years. When people refer to "the long bond," this typically is the 30-year U.S. treasury.
长期资产	Long Term Assets	Reported on the balance sheet, it's the value of a company's property, equipment, and other capital assets, less depreciation. A stock, bond, or other asset that you plan on holding in your portfolio for a lengthy period of time.
长期债务/总资本比率	Long Term Debt/Capitalization	A ratio indicating the financial leverage of a firm. It is calculated by taking a company's long term debt and dividing by the capital available (the sum of long term debt, preferred stock, and stockholders' equity).
长期债务	Long Term Debt	A ratio indicating the financial leverage of a firm. It is calculated by taking a company's long term debt and dividing by the capital available (the sum of long term debt, preferred stock, and stockholders' equity).
长期负债	Long Term Liabilities	Recorded on the balance sheet, a company's liabilities for leases, bond repayments, and other items due in more than one year.
偿付比率	Solvency Ratio	One of many ratios used to gauge a company's ability to meet long-term obligations.
偿付能力、资力	Solvency	The ability of a corporation to meet both its long-term fixed expenses and to have adequate money for long-term expansion and growth.
偿还债务	Repayment	The payment of a debt obligation prior to its due date. The excess payment over a scheduled debt repayment amount.
偿债基金	Sinking Fund	A means of repaying funds advanced through a bond issue. The issuer makes periodic payments to a trustee, who retires part of the issue by purchasing the bonds in the open market.
场外交易	Curb Trading	Trading that occurs outside of general market regulations, commonly through computers or telephones after the official exchanges have closed.
场外交易证券	OTC	A security which is not traded on an exchange, usually due to an inability to meet listing requirements. For such securities, brokers/dealers negotiate directly with one another over computer networks and by phone. The NASD carefully monitors their activities.
场外交易证券	Over-The-Counter (OTC)	A security which is not traded on an exchange, usually due to an inability to meet listing requirements. For such securities, brokers/dealers negotiate directly with one another over computer networks and by phone. The NASD carefully monitors their activities.
超额认股权	Greenshoe Option	An option that allows the underwriting of an IPO to sell additional shares to the public if the demand is high.
超额配股权	Overallotment	Selling more securities than are available in an IPO.
超额认购	Oversubscribed	When the demand for a new issue of securities (IPO) exceeds the number of shares issued.
超高市值股票	Mega Cap	Companies having a market capitalization greater than $200 billion.
超卖	Oversold	A technical analysis term for a market in which the volume of selling that has occurred is greater than the fundamentals justify.
成本基础	Cost Basis	The purchase price after commissions or other expenses. Cost basis is used to calculate capital gains or losses when the security is eventually sold.
成本协同效益	Cost Synergy	In the context of mergers, cost synergy is the savings in operating costs expected after two companies, who compliment each other's strengths, join.
承销价差	Underwriting Spread	The spread between the amount received by underwriters from the public offering price and the amount underwriters pay to the issuing company for the securities
承销团	Syndicate	A group of bankers, insurers, etcetera, who work together on a large project.
承销团	Underwriting	The process by which investment bankers raise investment capital from investors on behalf of corporations and governments that are issuing securities (both equity and debt). The process of issuing insurance policies
乘数效应	Multiplier Effect	The expansion of a country's money supply that results from the collective of member banks being able to lend more money than they take in.
承继人	Heir	A person who inherits some or all of the estate of a recently deceased person. The legal successor is usually selected because they are related to the deceased by a direct bloodline or have been designated in a will or by a legal authority.
持续经营	Going Concern	A term for a company that has the resources needed in order to continue to operate. If a company is not a going concern, it means the company has gone bankrupt.
持续经营价值	Going Concern Value	The value of a company's ability to generate earnings from tangible and intangible assets.
持有	Hold	An analyst recommendation to neither buy nor sell a security.
持有量不足	Underweight	A term describing an investment position that does not hold a sufficient amount of securities to satisfy the accepted benchmark of the portfolio's asset allocation strategy.
持有期	Holding Period	The time (or expected time) that an asset will be held for.
持有期回报/收益率	Holding Period Return/Yield	The total return received from holding an asset. Calculated as income plus price appreciation during a specified time period, divided by the cost of the investment.
重置成本	Replacement Cost	The price that will have to be paid to replace an existing asset with a similar asset.
出口	Export	In reference to international trade, these are goods shipped from one country from another.
出市代表、场内交易商	Floor Trader	An exchange member who executes transactions from the floor of the exchange exclusively for their own account.
出售权	Put	An option contract giving the owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell a specified amount of an underlying security at a specified price within a specified time. The act of exercising a put option.
出售认股权证	Put Warrant	A warrant that gives the holder the right to sell the underlying share for an agreed price, on or before a specified date.
出账、销账	Charge Off	A debt that is deemed uncollectable and written off. Also known as a bad debt. A one time expense incurred by a company that negatively affects earnings.
初级市场	Primary Market	The market in which investors have the first opportunity to buy a newly issued security.
除权、不带新股认股权	Ex-Rights	The period when a new purchaser of stock is not entitled to participate in the recently declared rights offering.
除外责任比率	Exclusion Ratio	The portion of the return on investments that is income tax exempt. It represents a payback of initial investments rather than capital gains.
除息、不带息	Ex-Dividend	The trading of shares when a declared dividend belongs to the seller rather than the buyer.
除证、不带认股权证	Ex-Warrant	The trading of shares when a warrant has been declared, but not distributed.
创业基金	Venture Capital Fund	Venture capital funds pool and manage money from investors seeking private equity stakes in small and medium-size enterprises with strong growth potential.
创业基金投资者	Venture Capitalist	An investor who provides capital to either start-up ventures or support small companies who wish to expand but do not have access to public funding.
创业项目	Venture	Generally refers to a risky start-up or enterprise company.
创业资本	Venture Capital	Money and resources made available to startup firms and small businesses with exceptional growth potential.
纯价格	Clean Price	The price quoted for a bond excluding accrued interest.
次级股票	Secondary Stock	A stock that is considered more risky than blue chips because it has a smaller market capitalization.
次级证券	Junior Security	A security that ranks below others in regards to claim on assets and income.
从属债务	Subordinated Debt	A loan (or security) that ranks below other loans (or securities) with regard to claims on assets or earnings.
存款证	CD	A savings certificate entitling the bearer to receive interest. A CD bears a maturity date, a specified interest rate, and can be issued in any denomination. CDs are generally issued by commercial banks.
存款证	Certificate Of Deposit (CD)	A savings certificate entitling the bearer to receive interest. A CD bears a maturity date, a specified interest rate, and can be issued in any denomination. CDs are generally issued by commercial banks.
存款、按金	Deposit	A transaction involving a transfer of funds to another party for safekeeping. A portion of funds that is used as security or collateral for the delivery of a good.
存托公司	Depository Trust Company (DTC)	One of the world's largest securities depositories, it holds in excess of $10 trillion worth of securities in custody. The DTC acts like a clearing house to settle trades in corporate and municipal securities.
存托及结算机构	Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC)	Established in 1999, the DTCC is a holding company consisting of 5 clearing corporations and 1 depository, making it the world's largest financial services corporation dealing in post trade transactions.
存托凭证	Depository Receipt	A negotiable financial instrument issued by a bank to represents a foreign company's publicly traded securities. The depository receipt trades on a local stock exchange.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:25

D

中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
大宗交易	Block Trade	The sale or purchase of a large quantity of securities.
呆账准备金	Allowance For Doubtful Accounts	An estimation made by companies and documented on their balance sheet for receivables that might go uncollected.
代理人	Agent	An organization, such as a bank or trust company, that takes responsibility for the fiscal duties of an unrelated party.
代理委托书	Proxy	A formal document signed by a shareholder to authorize another shareholder, or commonly the company's management, to vote the holder's shares at the annual meeting.
代理问题	Agency Problem	When conflicts of interest rise between creditors, shareholders, and management, because of differing goals.
贷款	Loan	When a lender gives money or property to a borrower, and the borrower agrees to return the property or repay the borrowed money along with interest, at a predetermined date in the future.
贷款损失准备金	Loan Loss Provision	An expense set aside as an allowance for bad loans (customer defaults, or terms of a loan have to be renegotiated, etc).
贷款银团	Loan Syndication	The process of involving numerous different lenders in providing various portions of a loan.
贷款与价值比率	Loan to Value Ratio	A lending risk ratio calculated by dividing the total amount for the mortgage or loan by the appraised value of the property.
带领权	Drag Along Rights	A right that enables a majority shareholder to force a minority shareholder to join in the sale of a company. The majority owner doing the dragging must give the minority share holder the same price, terms, and conditions as any other seller.
担保人	Guarantor	A person that guarantees to pay for someone else's debt if they default on their loan obligation.
单纯期权	Vanilla Option	An normal option with no special or unusual features.
单位数量，整份股	Board Lot	A term used when describing a standard number of shares in trading stocks, usually 100.
单位信托	Unit Trust (UT)	An un-incorporated mutual fund structure that allows funds to hold assets and pass through profits to the individual owners, rather than reinvest profits back into the fund.
单一业务	Pure Play	A company devoted to one line of business, or a company whose stock price is highly correlated with the fortunes of a specific investing theme or strategy.
到价	At the Money	An option is at-the-money if the strike price of the option equals the market price of the underlying security.
到价	In the Money	For a call option, in-the-money is when the option's strike price is below the market price of the underlying stock. For a put option, in-the-money is when the strike price is above the market price of the underlying stock.
到期日	Expiration Date	The day on which an options or futures contract is no longer valid and, therefore, ceases to exist.
到期日期	Maturity Date	The date on which a bond's principal or other liability investment is repaid to the investor and interest payments stop.
到期收益率	YTM	The rate of return anticipated on a bond if it is held until the maturity date. YTM is considered a long term bond yield expressed as an annual rate. The calculation takes into account the current market price, par value, coupon interest rate, and time to maturity. It is also assumed that all coupons are reinvested at the same rate. Sometimes this is referred to as a bond's "yield" for short.
到期收益率	Yield To Maturity (YTM)	The rate of return anticipated on a bond if it is held until the maturity date. YTM is considered a long term bond yield expressed as an annual rate. The calculation takes into account the current market price, par value, coupon interest rate, and time to maturity. It is also assumed that all coupons are reinvested at the same rate. Sometimes this is referred to as a bond's "yield" for short.
道琼斯工业平均指数	DJIA	The Dow Jones Industrial Average is a price-weighted average of 30 significant stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq. The DJIA was invented by Charles Dow back in 1896.
道琼斯工业平均指数	Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)	The Dow Jones Industrial Average is a price-weighted average of 30 significant stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq. The DJIA was invented by Charles Dow back in 1896.
道琼斯公用事业平均指数	DJUA	The Dow Jones Utility Average is a price-weighted average of 15 utility stocks traded in the United States. The DJUA was started back in 1929.
道琼斯公用事业平均指数	Dow Jones Utility Average (DJUA)	The Dow Jones Utility Average is a price-weighted average of 15 utility stocks traded in the United States. The DJUA was started back in 1929.
道琼斯交通平均指数	DJTA	The Dow Jones Transportation Average is a price-weighted average of 20 transportation stocks traded in the United States. The average was started back in 1884.
道琼斯交通平均指数	Dow Jones Transportation Average (DJTA)	The Dow Jones Transportation Average is a price-weighted average of 20 transportation stocks traded in the United States. The average was started back in 1884.
道氏理论	Dow Theory	A theory which says the market is in an upward trend if one of its averages (industrial or transportation) advances above a previous important high, it is accompanied or followed by a similar advance in the other.
等值	Par	The face value of a bond. Generally $1,000 for corporate issues, with higher denominations such as $10,000 for many government issues. A dollar amount assigned to a security when first issued.
等值债券	Parity Bond	Two or more bond issues with equal rights to bond payments and pledged revenues.
低价交易	Downtick	A transaction on an exchange occurring at a price below the previous transaction.
低价交易量	Downtick Volume	The share volume of a security that trades at a price lower than its previous price.
低负债资产负债表	Clean Balance Sheet	Referring to a company whose balance sheet has very little or no debt.
低市值公司	Small-Cap	Refers to stocks with a relatively small market capitalization. The definition of small-cap can vary among brokerages, but generally a company between $300 million to $2 billion in market cap is considered a small cap.
抵押品	Collateral	Properties or assets that are offered to secure a loan or other credit. Collateral becomes subject to seizure on default.
地产让与证书	Conveyance	A written instrument, such as a deed or lease, that transfers some ownership interest in real property from one person to another.
地区股票交易所	Regional Stock Exchange	Any exchange that resides beyond the country's main financial center.
递延利息债券	Deferred Interest Bond	A debt instrument that pays no interest until a date specified in the future.
递延年金	Deferred Annuity	An annuity contract that delays payments of income, installments, or a lump sum until the investor elects to receive them.
递延收入	Deferred Revenue	A liability account used for deposits and other cash receipts prior to the completion of the sale.
递延所得税	Deferred Income Tax	A liability that results from income already earned and recognized for accounting purposes, but not for tax purposes, that is recorded on the balance sheet.
递延帐户	Deferred Account	An account that postpones tax liabilities until a later date. Deferred accounts are usually retirement accounts.
第三方保管契约	Escrow	A financial instrument held by a third party on behalf of others until their written or oral instructions or obligations have been fulfilled.
第三方保管协议	Escrow Agreement	A certificate provided by an approved bank that guarantees the indicated securities are deposited at that particular bank.
电子商贸	Ecommerce	When a person or business uses the Internet as part of their business model.
掉期	Swap	Traditionally, the exchange of one security for another to change the maturity (bonds), quality of issues (stocks or bonds), or because investment objectives have changed. Recently, swaps have grown to include currency swaps and interest rates swaps.
掉期利率	Swap Rate	The rate of the fixed portion of a swap as determined by its particular market. This is the rate at which the swap will occur for one of the parties entering into the agreement.
掉期息差	Swap Spread	The difference between the negotiated and fixed rate of a swap. The spread is determined by characteristics of market supply and creditor worthiness. The difference between the swap rate and the lending rate offered through other investment vehicles with comparable characteristics.
顶尖业务	Crown Jewels	The most valuable unit of a corporation because of profitability, asset value, future prospects, etc.
订单积压	Backlog	The total value of sales orders waiting to be fulfilled.
定额投资	Closed-End Investment	When an investment company issues a fixed number of shares in an actively managed portfolio of securities. The shares are traded in the market just like common stock.
定价能力	Pricing Power	An economic term referring to the effect that a change in a firm's product price has on the quantity demanded of that product. Pricing power ties in with the "Price Elasticity of Demand."
定量分析	Quantitative Analysis	A security analysis that uses financial information derived from company annual reports and income statements to evaluate an investment decision.
定期存款	Time Deposit	A savings account or CD held for a fixed-term with the understanding that the depositor can only withdraw by giving written notice.
定性分析	Qualitative Analysis	Analysis that uses subjective judgment in evaluating securities based on non-financial information such as management expertise, cyclicality of industry, strength of research and development, and labor relations.
董事会	Board Of Directors	Individuals elected by stockholders to establish corporate management policies. A board of directors makes decisions on major company issues and controls when dividends will be paid to stockholders.
独立基金	Segregated Fund	A type of annuity that is similar to a mutual fund. Segregated Funds are an insurance product and are only offered by insurance companies.
独立审计师	Independent Auditor	An external auditor with a certified public accounting designation that qualifies him or her to provide an auditor's report.
独资经营	Sole Proprietorship	A business organization that is unincorporated and has only one owner.
杜邦分析	Du Pont Analysis	A method of performance measurement that was started by the DuPont Corporation in the 1920s, and has been used by them ever since. With this method, assets are measured at their gross book value rather than at net book value in order to produce a higher ROI.
杜邦特性理论	Du Pont Identity	An expression breaking down return on equity (ROE) into three parts: profit margin, total asset turnover, and financial leverage. The Du Pont identity tells us that ROE is affected by 3 things: Operating efficiency (as measured by profit margin) Asset use efficiency (as measured by total asset turnover) Financial leverage (as measured by the equity multiplier)
短期国库券	Treasury Bill	A U.S. Government debt security with a maturity that is less than one year. Treasury bills are issued through a competitive bidding process at a discount from par. This means they do not pay fixed interest payments like most bonds do.
短期同业拆借利率，通知贷款利率	Call Loan Rate	The short term interest rate charged on a secured call loan, usually in margin accounts.
短期同业拆借，通知贷款	Call Loan	A loan provided to a brokerage firm and used to finance margin accounts. The interest rate on a call loan is calculated daily. The resulting interest rate is referred to as the call loan rate.
对冲	Hedge	Making an investment to reduce the risk of adverse price movements in an asset. Normally, a hedge consists of protecting a position in a related security.
对冲比率	Hedge Ratio	A ratio comparing the amount you are hedging with the size of the position being hedged against. A ratio comparing the value of futures contracts purchased or sold versus the value of the cash commodity being hedged against.
对冲基金	Hedge Fund	An aggressively managed portfolio taking positions on safe and speculative opportunities. Most hedge funds are limited to a maximum of 100 investors. For the most part, hedge funds are unregulated because it is assumed the people investing in these are very sophisticated and wealthy.
多元化	Diversification	A risk management technique that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio. It is designed to minimize the impact of any one security on overall portfolio performance.
多元化普通股资金	Diversified Common Stock Fund	A mutual fund that invests its assets in a wide range of common stocks. The fund's objectives can be growth, income, or a combination of both.
多数股东	Majority Shareholder	A person or conglomerate who owns more than 50% of the outstanding shares for a corporation.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:25

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
额外回报	Excess Return	Returns in excess of the risk-free rate or in excess of a market measure (such as an index fund).
恶性通货膨胀	Hyperinflation	Extremely rapid or out of control inflation.
恶意收购	Hostile Takeover	A takeover attempt that is strongly resisted by the target firm.
二级发行	Secondary Offering	A sale of securities in which one or more major stockholders in a company sell all or a large portion of their holdings. The underwriting proceeds are paid to the stockholders, rather than to the corporation.
二级市场	Secondary Market	A market in which an investor purchases an asset from another investor, rather than an issuing corporation.
二级资本	Tier 2 Capital	A term used to describe the capital adequacy of a bank. Tier II capital is secondary bank capital that includes items such as undisclosed reserves, general loss reserves, subordinated term debt, and more.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:26

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
发行备忘录	Offering Memorandum	A legal document stating the objectives, risks, and terms of investment involved with a private placement.
发行成本	Flotation Cost	The costs associated with the issuance of new securities.
发行人	Issuer	The entity, such as a corporation or municipality, that offers (or proposes to offer) its securities for sale.
发行、上市	Flotation	The process of changing a private company into a public company by issuing shares and soliciting the public to purchase them.
发行说明书	Offering Circular	An abbreviated prospectus for a new security listing. Delivered to individuals and brokerage houses, these documents are issued to arouse interest in the new issue.
发展阶段	Development Stage	A company that is focusing a majority of its attention on research & development. Because attention is focused on research, earnings are usually very small or nothing.
法定人数	Quorum	The minimum acceptable level of individuals with a vested interest in a company needed to make the proceedings of a meeting valid under the corporate charter.
反垄断法	Anti-trust	The antitrust laws apply to virtually all industries and to every level of business, including manufacturing, transportation, distribution, and marketing. They prohibit a variety of practices that restrain trade. Examples of illegal practices are price-fixing conspiracies, corporate mergers likely to reduce the competitive vigor of particular markets, and predatory acts designed to achieve or maintain monopoly power.
反收购措施	Anti-takeover Measure	Measures taken on a continual or sporadic basis by a firm's management in order to prevent or deter unwanted takeovers.
反收购法规	Anti-takeover Statute	A set of state regulations that prevent or deter companies from attempting hostile takeovers. These regulations vary across state lines and typically affect only the companies incorporated within the state.
反摊薄条款	Anti-dilution Provision	A provision in an option or a convertible security. It protects an investor from dilution resulting from later issues of stock at a lower price than the investor originally paid.
反通货膨胀	Disinflation	A slowing of the rate at which prices increase. Typically, this occurs during a recession as sales drop and retailers are not able to pass on higher prices to customers.
反向收购	Reversed takeover	When a larger company is bought out by a smaller company. The purchasing of a public company by a private company.
范畴经济	Economies of Scope	An economic theory stating that the average total cost of production decreases as a result of increasing the number of different goods produced.
防御性投资	Defensive Buy	An investment that is an attractive buy because it is low risk, not because of its return potential.
防御性投资策略	Defensive Investment Strategy	A method of portfolio allocation and management aimed at minimizing the risk of losing principal. Defensive investors place a high percentage of their investable assets in bonds, cash equivalents, and stocks that are less volatile than average.
房地产	Real Estate	Real estate that generates income.
房地产代理	Real Estate Agent	A person with a state/provincial license to represent a buyer or a seller in a real estate transaction in exchange for a commission. Most agents work for real estate brokers or realtors.
房地产抵押	Mortgage	A loan, secured by the collateral of some specified real estate property, in which the borrower is obligated to make a predetermined set of payments to repay the loan.
房地产抵押银行家	Mortgage Banker	The lender in a mortgage contract, or the one making the loan directly
房地产投资信托	REIT	A security that sells like a stock on the major exchanges and invests in real estate directly, either through properties or mortgages. REITs receive special tax considerations, and typically offer investors high yields as well as a highly liquid method of investing in real estate.
房地产投资信托	Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)	A security that sells like a stock on the major exchanges and invests in real estate directly, either through properties or mortgages. REITs receive special tax considerations, and typically offer investors high yields as well as a highly liquid method
放宽管制	Deregulation	The reduction or elimination of government power within a particular industry. Deregulation is usually enacted to create more competition within an industry.
非经常项目	Extraordinary Item	Gains or losses included in a company's financial statements, which are infrequent and unusual in nature. These are usually explained further in the 'notes to the financial statements.'
非经常开支	Nonrecurring Charge	An expense occurring only once on a company's financial statement.
非劳动收入	Unearned Income	Any income that comes from investments and other sources unrelated to employment services.
非牟利机构	Non-Profit Organization	An association that is given tax free status. Donations to a non-profit organization are often tax deductible as well.
非强制买回保障	Soft Call Protection	A feature added to convertible fixed-income and debt securities. The provision dictates that a premium will be paid by the issuer if early redemption occurs.
非营运资产	Non-Operating Asset	Assets that are unnecessary to the ongoing operations of a business.
非营运现金流	Non-Operating Cash Flows	Cash inflows and outflows related to non-current investments, financing, and dividends.
分拆上市	Carveout	Sometimes known as a partial spinoff, a carve out occurs when a parent company sells a minority (usually 20% or less) stake in a subsidiary for an IPO or rights offering. Where an established brick-and-mortar company hooks up with venture investors and a new management team to launch an Internet spinoff.
分拆	Demerger	A corporate strategy to sell off subsidiaries or divisions of a company.
分拆、出售资产	Divestiture	Refers to the sale of a subsidiary company, also called "spin-off."
分拆	Spinoff	A new, independent company created through selling or distributing new shares for an existing part of another company.
分拆收购	Unbundling	Taking over a large company with several different lines of business and retaining the core business while selling off the subsidiaries to help fund the takeover.
分股	Stock Split	The division of a company's existing stock into more shares. In a 2-for-1 split, each stockholder would receive an additional share for each share formerly held.
分级股票	Classified Shares	The separation of company equity into more than one class of common shares, usually called "Class A" and "Class B."
分期偿还债务	Installment Debt	Debt issued with the condition of regularly occurring intervals for payment by the debtor, until the principal and interest are paid in full.
分析员	Analyst	A financial professional that has expertise in evaluating investments. They are typically employed by brokerage firms, investment advisors, or mutual funds. Analysts put together buy, sell, and hold recommendations on securities. Analysts usually specialize in specific industries or sectors to allow for comprehensive research.
风险	Risk	The chance that an investment's actual return will be different than expected. This includes the possibility of losing some or all of the original investment. It is usually measured using the historical returns or average returns for a specific investment.
风险价值	Value at Risk (VAR)	A technique for estimating the probability of portfolio losses exceeding some specified price.
风险容忍度	Risk Tolerance	The degree of uncertainty that an investor can handle in regards to a negative change in the value of their portfolio.
风险调整贴现率	Risk Adjusted Discount Rate	In portfolio theory and capital budget analysis, the rate necessary to determine the present value of an uncertain or risky stream of income; it is the risk-free rate (generally the return on short-term U.S. Treasury securities)plus a risk premium that is based on an analysis of the risk characteristics of the particular investment or project
风险调整回报率	Risk Adjusted Return	A measure of how much risk a fund or portfolio assumed to earn its returns. This is usually expressed as a number or a rating.
风险调整资本回报率	Risk Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC)	In financial analysis, riskier projects and investments must be evaluated differently from their riskless counterparts. By discounting risky cashflows against less risky cashflows RAROC accounts for changes in the profile of the investment.
风险资本要求	Risk Based Capital Requirement	A stated requirement of liquid reserves placed upon banks and institutions that deal in risky ventures.
风险资本	Risk Capital	The money that a person allocates to investments in high risk securities
浮息票据	Floating Rate Note (FRN)	A note with a variable interest rate. Adjustments to the interest rate are usually made every 6 months and are tied to a certain money-market index.
付款交割	Delivery Versus Payment	A securities industry procedure in which the buyer's payment for securities is due at the time of delivery. Security delivery and payment are simultaneous.
负抵押条款	Negative Pledge Clause	A negative covenant in an indenture, it states that the corporation will not pledge any of its assets if doing so would give the lenders less security.
负面发展的可能性	Downside	The potential dollar amount by which the market or a stock could fall.
负面风险	Downside Risk	An estimation of a security's potential to suffer a decline in price if the market conditions turn bad.
负面契约	Negative Covenant	A bond covenant that prevents certain activities, unless agreed to by the bondholders.
负商誉	Negative Goodwill	A gain occurring when the price paid for an acquisition is less than the fair value of its net assets.
负所得税	Negative Income Tax	A taxation system where income subsidies are given to persons or families that are below the poverty line.
负盈利	Negative Carry	A transaction where the cost of financing exceeds the yield earned in a securities or financial futures position.
负债比率	Debt Ratio	A ratio calculated by taking total debts and dividing by total assets.
负债比率	Gearing Ratio	A general term given to leverage ratios that express the capital for a firm.
负债收购	LBO	A strategy involving the acquisition of another company using borrowed money (bonds or loans). The acquiring company uses its own assets as collateral for the loan in hopes that the future cash flows will cover the loan payments.
负债收购	Leveraged Buyout (LBO)	A strategy involving the acquisition of another company using borrowed money (bonds or loans). The acquiring company uses its own assets as collateral for the loan in hopes that the future cash flows will cover the loan payments.
负债	Liability	A legal debt or obligation estimated via accrual accounting. Recorded on the balance sheet, current liabilities are debts payable within one year, while long-term liabilities are debts payable over a longer period.
附股息	Cum Dividend	When a buyer of a security is entitled to receive a dividend that has been declared, but not paid.
附加费	Surcharge	An added charge, cost, or tax.
复合年均增长率	Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)	The year over year growth rate of an investment over a specified period of time. Calculated by taking the nth root of the total percentage growth rate where n is the number of years in the period being considered. This can be written as: (Current Value/Base Value)^(1/# of years) - 1.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:27

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
高级证券	Senior Security	A security (usually debt) that, in the event the issuer goes bankrupt, must be repaid before other creditors receive any payment.
高利贷	Loan Sharking	When a borrower is charged interest above an established legal rate. Depending on where you live, lenders typically cannot charge more than 60% interest per annum.
高流通性市场	Liquid Market	A market with many bid and ask offers. The market is characterized by high liquidity, low spreads, and low volatility.
高市值股票	Large-Cap	Companies having a market capitalization between $10 billion and $200 billion.
高折扣债券	Deep Discount Bond	A bond that sells at a significant discount from par value. A bond that has a coupon rate significantly less than the prevailing rates of fixed-income securities with similar risk profiles and is selling at a discount from par value.
告慰函、安慰函	Letter of Comfort	A letter issued to a lending institution by a parent company acknowledging the approval of a subsidiary company's attempt for financing.
GDP差距	GDP Gap	The sacrificed output within a country's economy due to the failure to create sufficient jobs for all those willing to work.
GDP平减数	GDP Deflator	An economic metric used to account for inflation by converting output measured at current prices into constant-dollar GDP. The GDP deflator shows how much a change in the base year's GDP relies upon changes in the price level.
格林斯潘	Alan Greenspan	Dr. Greenspan is Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. He is serving his fourth four-year term ending June 20, 2004. Dr. Greenspan also serves as Chairman of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the Fed's principal monetary policymaking body.
格林斯潘对策	Greenspan Put	A colloquial term used to describe the Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board's actions in preventing significant and sustained market downturns.
隔夜利率	Overnight Rate	The interest rate at which a depository institution lends immediately available funds (balances within the central bank) to another depository institution overnight.
隔夜指数掉期	Overnight Index Swap	An interest rate swap involving the overnight rate being exchanged for some fixed interest rate.
跟随权	Tag Along Rights	A procedure used to protect a minority shareholder (usually in a venture capital deal). Basically, if a majority shareholder sells their stake, then the minority shareholder has the right to join the transaction and sell their minority stake in the company.
公开市场委员会	FOMC	The body that sets the interest rate and credit policies of the Federal Reserve System.
公开市场委员会	Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)	The body that sets the interest rate and credit policies of the Federal Reserve System.
公开说明书定稿	Final Prospectus	A legal document stating the price of a newly issued security, the delivery date, and other facts that are important for investors.
公开流通股票	Float	The total number of shares publicly owned and available for trading. The float is calculated by subtracting restricted shares from outstanding shares.
公开上市	Going Public	The process of selling shares that were formerly privately-held to new investors for the first time.
公开说明书	Prospectus	A formal legal document describing details of a corporation. The prospectus is generally created for a proposed offering (usually an IPO), but they can still be obtained from existing businesses as well. The prospectus includes company facts that are vitally important to potential investors. In this case of mutual funds, a prospectus describes the fund's objectives, history, manager background, and financial statements.
公开资产	Public	Assets that can be traded in a public market, such as the stock market.
公开发行价值	Public Offering Price (POP)	The price at which new issues are offered to the public by an underwriter
公平交易	Arms Length Transaction	When the buyers and sellers of a product act independently of each other and have no relationship to each other.
公平价值	Fair Value	The estimated value of all assets and liabilities of an acquired company used to consolidate the financial statements of both companies. In the futures market, fair value is the equilibrium price for a futures contract. This is equal to the spot price after taking into account compounded interest (and dividends lost because the investor owns the futures contract rather than the physical stocks) over a certain period of time.
公平意见	Fairness Opinion	An opinion developed by qualified analysts or advisors with the purpose of providing key details and factual proof to the decision makers of a merger or acquisition.
公司税	Corporate Tax	A levy placed on the profit of a firm; different rates are used for different levels of profits.
公司、企业	Corporation	The most common form of business organization. The total worth of the organization is divided into shares of stock, each representing a unit of ownership. A corporation is ongoing and the owners face only limited liability.
公司债券	Debenture	An unsecured debt backed only by the credit worthiness of the borrower. There is no collateral, and the agreement is documented by an indenture.
公司化、非共同化	Demutuali-zation	The process of changing corporate structure from a mutual fund company to some other form, such as a limited liability or corporation.
共同基金	Mutual Fund	A security that gives small investors access to a well diversified portfolio of equities, bonds, and other securities. Each shareholder participates in the gain or loss of the fund. Shares are issued and can be redeemed as needed. The fund's net asset value (NAV) is determined each day. Each mutual fund portfolio is invested to match the objective stated in the prospectus.
共同基金流动率	Mutual Fund Liquidity Ratio	A ratio published monthly by the Investment Company Institute that compares the amount of cash to assets held by mutual fund portfolios.
共同拥有财产	Joint Owned Property	Any property held in the name of more than one person.
共同债券	Joint Bond	A type of annuity that makes payments for the lifetime of two or more beneficiaries
供应	Supply	The total amount of a good or service available for purchase by consumers.
供应方理论	Supply-Side Theory	An economic theory holding that bolstering an economy's ability to supply more goods is the most effective way to stimulate economic growth.
供应链	Supply Chain	The network created amongst different companies producing, handling, and/or distributing a specific product.
供应链管理	Supply Chain Management	The management and coordination of a product's supply chain for the purpose of increasing efficiency and profitability.
供应商融资	Vendor Financing	When a company lends money to one of its customers so that the customer can buy products from them. By doing this, the company increases their sales even though they are basically buying their own products.
购股接管	Purchase Acquisition	An accounting method used in mergers and acquisitions where the purchasing company treats the target firm as an investment, adding the company's assets to its own at fair market value.
购股权	Right	A contractual right giving investors holding restricted stock the ability to demand that the issuing company register the shares to the SEC, effectively making the stock available for sale to the public.
购股权发行	Rights Issue	The issuing of rights, to existing shareholders of a security, to buy a proportional number of additional securities at a given price (usually at a discount) within a fixed period.
购股权发行	Rights Offering	The issuing of rights, to existing shareholders of a security, to buy a proportional number of additional securities at a given price (usually at a discount) within a fixed period.
购买力	Buying Power	The money an investor has available to buy securities. In a margin account, the buying power is the total cash held in the brokerage account plus maximum margin available.
购买力	Purchasing Power	The ability to purchase goods and services, or the amount of goods and services that one unit of money can buy.
估价人	Assessor	A local government official who determines the value of a property for taxation purposes.
估值	Valuation	The process of determining the current worth of an asset.
估值不足	Undervalued	A stock or other security that is trading below its presumed value.
估值折扣	Haircut	The difference between prices at which a market maker can buy and sell a security. The percentage by which an asset's market value is reduced for the purpose of calculating capital requirement, margin, and collateral levels.
估值较低的一次融资	Down Round	A round of financing where investors purchase stock from a company at a lower valuation than the valuation placed upon the company by earlier investors.
古典经济学	Classical Economics	Classical Economics refers to work done by a group of economists in the 18th and 19th centuries. They developed theories about the way markets and market economies work. The study was primarily concerned with the dynamics of economic growth. It stressed economic freedom and promoted ideas such as laissez-faire and free competition.
股本成本	Cost of Equity	The return that stockholders require for a company. The traditional formula is the dividend capitalization model:
股本回报率	ROE	A measure of a corporation's profitability, calculated as: Net Income ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Shareholder's EquityThe ROE is useful in comparing the profitability of a company to other firms in the same industry.
股本回报率	Return On Equity (ROE)	A measure of a corporation's profitability, calculated as: Net Income ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Shareholder's EquityThe ROE is useful in comparing the profitability of a company to other firms in the same industry.
股本金	Share Capital	The portion of a corporation's equity obtained from issuing shares in return for cash or other considerations.
股东	Shareholder	Any person, company, or other institution that owns at least 1 share in a company. A shareholder may also be referred to as a stockholder.
股东价值转移	Shareholder Value Transfer (SVT)	A measurement of the amount of shareholders' equity flowing out of a company to its executives through exercised stock options.
股东权益	Shareholders Equity	A firms total assets minus its total liabilities, or equivalently, share capital plus retained earnings minus treasury shares. It is the amount of the company that is financed through common and preferred shares.
股东增值	Shareholder Value Added (SVA)	A value-based performance measure of a company's worth to shareholders. The basic calculation is net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) minus the cost of capital from the issuance of debt and equity, based on the company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC).
股东总回报	Total Shareholder Return	The total return of a stock to an investor (capital gain plus dividends). The internal rate of return of all cash flows to an investor during the holding period of an investment.
股份公司	Joint Stock Company	An organization that falls between the definitions of a partnership and corporation. This type of company issues stock and allows for secondary market trading, however, stockholders are liable for company debts.
股价下跌失效的期权	Down-and-Out Option	An option that ceases to exist when the price of an underlying security sinks to a specified level.
股价下跌生效的期权	Down-and-In Option	An option that comes into existence when the price of an underlying security sinks to a specified level.
股价与现金流比率	Price-To-Cash-Flow Ratio	A measure of the market's expectations regarding a firm's future financial health. It is calculated by dividing price per share by cash flow per share.
股价与销售额比率	Price-To-Sales Ratio	A technique for finding a stock's valuation relative to its own past performance, other companies, or the market itself. It is calculated by dividing a stock's current price by its revenue per share.
股价与账面价值比率	Price-To-Book Ratio	A ratio used to compare a stock's market value to its book value. It is calculated by dividing the current closing price of the stock by the latest quarter's book value (Book value is simply assets minus liabilities).
股票	Share	Certificates representing ownership in a corporation.
股票报价	Stock Quote	A list of prices, both bid and ask, for a stock during a particular trading day. Stocks used to be quoted in fractions, but now most all exchanges use decimals.
股票倍数	Equity Multiplier	Total assets divided by total common stockholders' equity.
股票单位信托	Equity Unit Investment Trust	A registered trust in which investors purchase units from a fixed portfolio of equities are chosen and passively managed by a professional money manager.
股票分拆上市	Equity Carve-out	Sometimes known as a partial spinoff, a carve out occurs when a parent company sells a minority (usually 20% or less) stake in a subsidiary for an IPO or rights offering. Where an established brick-and-mortar company hooks up with venture investors and a new management team to launch an Internet spinoff.
股票风险溢价	Equity Risk Premium	The extra return that the stock market provides over the risk free rate to compensate for market risk.
股票、股本	Equity	A term describing stock, or any security, representing an ownership interest. On the balance sheet, equity refers to the value of the funds contributed by the owners (the stockholders) plus the retained earnings (or losses).
股票股息	Stock Dividend	A dividend payment made in the form of additional shares, rather than a cash payout.
股票关联票据	Equity-Linked Note	An instrument whose return is determined by the performance of a single equity security, a basket of equity securities, or an equity index.
股票纪录	Stock Record	A system that helps brokerage firms keep track of the position and physical location of the securities they are holding.
股票价值低于现金值	Trading Below Cash	When a company's total share value is less than its cash minus debts.
股票期权	Stock Option	A privilege, sold by one party to another, that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call) or sell (put) a stock at an agreed-upon price during a certain period of time or on a specific date.
股票融资	Equity Financing	Raising money for company activities by selling common or preferred stock to individual or institutional investors. In return for the money paid, shareholders receive ownership interests in the corporation.
股票资金	Equity Fund	A mutual fund that invests in a broad, well diversified group of stocks.
股权收购要约	Tender Offer	An offer to purchase some or all of shareholders' shares in a corporation. The price offered is usually at a premium to the market price.
股市投资比率	Market Exposure	The amount an individual or mutual fund has invested in the stock market, usually calculated as a percentage.
股息	Dividend	A cash payment, using profits, announced by a company's board of directors and distributed among stockholders. Dividends may be in the form of cash, stock, or property. All dividends must be declared by the board of directors.
股息收益率	Dividend Yield	An indication of the income generated by a share of stock. Dividend yield is calculated by taking annual dividends per share and dividing by price per share.
股息贴现模型	Dividend Discount Model (DDM)	A procedure for valuing the price of a stock by using predicted dividends and discounting them back to present value. The idea is that if the value obtained from the DDM is higher than what the shares are currently trading at, then the stock is undervalued.
股息宣告日	Declaration Date	The date and amount of the next dividend payment as set by the board of directors.
股息再投资计划	Dividend Reinvestment Plan	A plan offered by a corporation giving investors the option of reinvesting their cash dividends by purchasing additional shares or fractional shares on the dividend payment date.
股息政策	Dividend Policy	The policy a company uses to decide how much it will pay out to shareholders in dividends.
股息支付率	Dividend Payout Ratio	The percentage of earnings paid to shareholders in dividends. Yearly Dividend per Share ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Earnings per Share or equivalently: Dividends ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Net Income
固定成本	Fixed Cost	A cost that remains constant, regardless of any change in a company's activity.
固定费用偿付比率	Fixed-Charge Coverage Ratio	The ratio of earnings before interest and taxes plus fixed charges (before tax), divided by the fixed charges plus interest. This ratio indicates a firm's ability to satisfy fixed financing expenses, such as interest and leases.
固定利率(抵押)	Fixed Interest Rate (mortgage)	A loan or mortgage with an interest rate that will remain at a certain rate for the entire term of the loan.
固定年金	Fixed Annuity	An insurance contract in which the insurance company makes fixed dollar payments to the annuitant for the term of the contract, usually until the annuitant dies. The insurance company guarantees both earnings and principal.
固定收入证券	Fixed Income Security	An investment that provides a return in the form of fixed periodic payments and eventual return of principle at maturity.
固定资产	Fixed Asset	Tangible property, owned by a firm, that is used in the production of its income, but not expected to be consumed or converted into cash.
寡头垄断	Oligopoly	When a particular market is controlled by a small group of firms.
挂名董事、名义董事	Dummy Director	A person on a company's board of directors who votes and acts on the wishes of a non board member.
关键规模	Critical Mass	A very important or crucial stage in a company's development.
关联人士	Affiliated Person	An individual who is in a position to influence the actions of a corporation. This includes people such as directors, executives, and owners.
关税	Tariffs	A taxation imposed on goods and services imported into a country. Also known as a duty tax.
关税及贸易总协定	General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT)	An agreement, signed in 1947, whose purpose was to promote global trade between members through a reduction in tariffs.
广泛基础加权平均	Broad-Based Weighted Average	An anti-dilution provision used for the benefit of existing preferred shareholders when additional offerings are made by the corporation. The broad-based weighted average accounts for all equity previously issued and currently undergoing issue.
广泛基础指数	Broad-Base Index	An index designed to reflect the movement of the entire market.
管理层收购项目	Management Buyout (MBO)	When the managers and/or executive of a company purchase controlling interest in a company.
管理费用	Management Fee	A fixed fee that a mutual fund manager charges investors for his services and work with the fund.
管理人基准比较	Manager Universe (Benchmark)	The comparison of an account's performance to the performance of a representative peer group of money managers.
管理资产额	Assets Under Management	In general, the market value of assets an investment company manages on behalf of investors.
规模不经济	Dis-economies of Scale	An economic theory that describes a situation in which economies of scale no longer function for a firm. Rather than experiencing continued decreasing costs per increase in output, firms see an increase in marginal cost when output is increased.
规模经济	Economies of Scale	An economic theory stating that a plant's marginal cost of production decrease as the plant's operation increases.
贵重金属	Precious Metal	A general term used to describe valuable metals such as gold, iridium, palladium, platinum, and silver.
国际基金	International Fund	A mutual fund that can invest in companies located anywhere outside of your own country.
国际结算银行	Bank for International Settlements (BIS)	The BIS is an international organization fostering the cooperation of central banks and international financial institutions.
国际会计标准	IAS	A set of standards stating how particular types of transactions and other events should be reflected in financial statements. International Accounting Standards (IAS) are issued by the Board of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC).
国际会计标准	International Accounting Standards	A set of standards stating how particular types of transactions and other events should be reflected in financial statements. International Accounting Standards (IAS) are issued by the Board of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC).
国际贸易差额	Balance Of Trade (BOT)	The largest component of a country's balance of payments. It is the difference between exports and imports. Debit items include imports, foreign aid, domestic spending abroad and domestic investments abroad. Credit items include exports, foreign spending in the domestic economy, and foreign investments in the domestic economy.
国际收支差额	Balance Of Payments (BOP)	A record of all transactions made by one particular country during a certain period of time. It compares the amount of economic activity between a country and all other countries.
国际债券	International Bond	Bonds that are issued in a country by a non-domestic entity.
国家风险	Country Risk	The risk that a country will not be able to honor its financial commitments.
国家企业	Crown Corporation	Any corporation that is established and regulated by a country's government.
国家证券经纪商协会	NASD	A self regulatory organization of the securities industry responsible for the operation and regulation of the Nasdaq stock market and over the counter markets. They also administrate exams for investment professionals, such as the series 7 exam.
国家主权风险	Sovereign Risk	The risk that a foreign government will default on a loan because of a change in national policy.
国库券	Treasury Bond	A marketable, fixed-interest U.S. Government debt security with a maturity over 10 years.
国内生产净值	Net Domestic Product	An annual measure of the economic output of a nation, adjusted to account for depreciation. You can calculate this by subtracting depreciation from the gross domestic product (GDP).
国内生产总值	GDP	The monetary value of all the goods and services produced by an economy over a specified period. It includes consumption, government purchases, investments, and exports minus imports
国内生产总值	Gross Domestic Product (GDP)	The monetary value of all the goods and services produced by an economy over a specified period. It includes consumption, government purchases, investments, and exports minus imports
国外债券	Foreign Bond	Bonds that are issued in a domestic market by a foreign entity, in the domestic market's currency.
过渡贷款	Bridge loan	A short-term loan that is used until a person or company can secure permanent financing.
过渡融资	Bridge financing	method of financing, used by companies before their IPO, to obtain necessary cash for the maintenance of operations.
过去12个月	LTM	A term used to describe financial results during the period of the last 12 months.
过去12个月	Last Twelve Months	A term used to describe financial results during the period of the last 12 months.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:30

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
H股	H-Shares	A share of a Chinese company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
行业	Industry	A category used to describe a company's primary business activity, usually determined by the largest source of a company's revenues.
行业基金	Sector Fund	A mutual fund whose objective is to invest in a particular industry or sector of the economy to capitalize on returns.
行业类股	Sector	A particular group of securities that are in the same industry.
合并	Merger	The combining of two or more companies, generally by offering the stockholders of one company securities in the acquiring company in exchange for the surrender of their stock.
合并套利	Merger Arbitrage	A hedge fund strategy whereby the stocks of two merging companies are simultaneously bought and sold to create a riskless profit. Merger arbitrageur look at the risk of the deal not closing on time or at all. Because of this slight uncertainty the target company's stock will typically sell at a discount to the price that the combined company has when the merger is closed.
合成出售期权	Synthetic Put	An investment strategy of short selling a security and entering a long position on its call.
合成有抵押债务	Synthetic Collateralized Debt Obligation	An artificial collateralized debt obligation that is backed by a pool of credit derivatives.
合成租赁	Synthetic Lease	An operating lease that is structured in a way so that it is not recorded as a liability on the balance sheet. Instead, it is considered to be an expense on the income statement.
合资格机构投资者	QIB	Primarily referring to institutions that manage at least $100 million in securities including banks, savings and loans institutions, insurance companies, investment companies, employee benefit plans, or an entity owned entirely by qualified investors. Also included are registered broker-dealers owning and investing, on a discretionary basis, $10 million in securities of non-affiliates.
合资格机构投资者	Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB)	Primarily referring to institutions that manage at least $100 million in securities including banks, savings and loans institutions, insurance companies, investment companies, employee benefit plans, or an entity owned entirely by qualified investors. Also included are registered broker-dealers owning and investing, on a discretionary basis, $10 million in securities of non-affiliates.
合资企业、合资经营	Joint Venture	The cooperation of two or more individuals or businesses in a specific enterprise, each agreeing to share profit, loss, and control.
荷兰拍卖	Dutch Auction	An auction where the price on an item is lowered until it gets its first bid, and then the item is sold at that price.
黑色星期四	Black Thursday	The colloquial name given to Thursday, October 24th, 1929 when the New York Stock Exchange plummeted leading to the great depression of the 1930's.
黑色星期一	Black Monday	The most notorious day in financial history (October 19, 1987). The DJIA fell 508 points, almost 22%. This stands as the largest one-day drop in NYSE history.
黑武士	Black Knight	A company that makes a hostile takeover offer on a target company.
恒生指数	HSI	An index of the leading stocks on the Hong Kong stock market.
恒生指数	Hang Seng Index (HSI)	An index of the leading stocks on the Hong Kong stock market.
横向合并	Horizontal Merger	A merger occurring between companies producing similar goods or offering similar services.
横向整合	Horizontal Integration	When a company expands its business into different products that are similar to current lines.
红筹公司	Red Chip	A company incorporated and listed in Hong Kong with controlling Chinese shareholders.
红头招股书、公开说明书初稿	Red Herring	A preliminary registration statement that must be filed with the SEC or provincial securities commission. It describes the issue (IPO) and the prospects of the company. There is no price or issue size stated in the Red Herring.
宏观经济	Macroeconomics	The field of economics that studies the behavior of the economy as a whole.
后进先出	LIFO	A inventory management and valuation method whereby products acquired last are the ones sold first.
后进先出	Last In First Out (LIFO)	A inventory management and valuation method whereby products acquired last are the ones sold first.
后门上市/借壳上市	Back Door Listing	A strategy of going public used by a company that fails to meet the criteria for listing on a stock exchange. To get onto the exchange, the company desiring to go public acquires an already-listed company.
后线	Back Office	Administration and support personnel in a financial services company. They carry out functions like: settlements, clearances, record maintenance, regulatory compliance, accounting, etc.
后续发行	Follow-on Offering	An offering of additional shares after a company has had an initial public offering.
后续发行	Subsequent Offering	An offering of additional shares after a company has had an initial public offering (IPO).
互相争夺市场	Market Cannibilization	The negative impact a new product has on the sales performance of a company's existing, related products.
华尔街	Wall Street	The street in New York where the NYSE is located. The NYSE itself. Also the collective name for the financial institutions in New York City. Including stock exchanges, banks, commodity markets, money markets, etc.
还本付息	Debt Service	Cash required in a given period for the repayment of interest and principal of a debt.
换算风险	Translation Exposure	The exchange rate risk associated with companies that deal in foreign currencies or list foreign assets upon their balance sheets.
黄金股	Golden Share	A type of share that gives its shareholder veto power over changes to the company's charter.
黄金降落伞	Golden Parachute	Lucrative benefits given to top executives in the event that a company is taken over by another firm, resulting in the loss of their job. Benefits include items such as stock options, bonuses, severance pay, etc.
黄金救生衣	Golden Lifejacket	An exceptional compensation package an acquiring company offers to the top executives of the company being acquired. The offer is meant to keep these executives attracted to holding their offices.
黄武士	Yellow Knight	A company that was once making a takeover attempt but ends up discussing a merger with the target company.
灰市	Gray Market	An unofficial market where new issues of shares are bought and sold before they officially become available for trading on the stock exchange. The sale of goods by unauthorized dealers.
灰武士	Gray Knight	A second, unsolicited bidder in a corporate takeover. A gray knight enters the scene in order to take advantage of any problems between the first bidder and the target company.
回报率	Return	The gain or loss for a security in a particular period, consisting of income plus capital gains relative to investment. It is usually quoted as a percentage.
回购	Buy Back	The buying back of shares by a corporation in order to reduce the number of shares on the market. D207The purchasing of shares previously sold short so the open position is closed.
回购股份	Share Repurchase	A company's plan to buy back its own shares from the marketplace, reducing the number of outstanding shares. Typically, this is an indication that the company's management thinks the shares are undervalued
混合证券	Hybrid Security	A security that combines two or more different financial instruments.
活动比率	Activity Ratio	Accounting ratios that measure a firm's ability to convert different accounts within their balance sheets into cash or sales.
活动收入	Active Income	Income for which services have been performed. This includes wages, tips, salaries, commissions, and income from businesses in which there is material participation
活期存款	Demand Deposit	An account where deposited funds can be withdrawn at any time.
活跃债券投资者	Active Bond Crowd	A term used to describe fixed-income securities that trade frequently on the floor of the NYSE.
货币	Currency	Money circulated within an economy, including coins and paper notes.
货币掉期	Currency Swap	A swap that involves the exchange of principal and interest in one currency for the same in another currency.
货币管理外包	Currency Overlay	The outsourcing of currency risk management to a specialist firm, known as the overlay manager. This is used in international investment portfolios to separate the management of currency risk from the asset allocation and security selection decisions of the investor's money managers.
货币供应	Money Supply	The entire quantity of a country's bills, coins, loans, credit, and other liquid instruments in the economy. It is divided into three categories, M1, M2, and M3, according to the type and size of account the instrument is kept in.
货币供应量1	M1	The category of the money supply that includes all physical money like coins and currency. It also includes demand deposits, which are checking accounts and NOW accounts.
货币供应量2	M2	A category of the money supply that includes M1 in addition to all time-related deposits, savings deposits, and non-institutional money-market funds.
货币供应量3	M3	A category of the money supply that includes M2 in addition to all large time deposits, institutional money-market funds, short-term repurchase agreements, along with other larger liquid assets.
货币流量	Money Flow	Calculated by averaging the high, low, and closing prices, and multiplying by the daily volume. Comparing that result with the number for the previous day tells you whether money flow was positive or negative for the current day.
货币流量指数	Money Flow Index (MFI)	A momentum indicator that measures the strength of money in and out of a security. A divergence between the MFI and price trend can be interpreted as a possible trend reversal.
货币期货	Currency Futures	A transferable futures contract that specifies the price at which a specified currency can be bought or sold at a future date.
货币期权	Currency Option	A contract that grants the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell currency at a specified price during a specified period of time.
货币市场	Money Market	The securities market dealing in short-term debt and monetary instruments. Money market instruments are forms of debt that mature in less than one year and are very liquid.
货币市场基金	Money Market Fund	A mutual fund that invests in short-term debt instruments. The fund's objective is to earn interest for shareholders while maintaining a net asset value of $1.00 per share.
货币市场账户	Money Market Account	A savings account that offers the competitive rate of interest (real rate) in exchange for larger than normal deposits.
货币远期	Currency Forward	A forward contract that locks-in the price an entity can buy or sell currency on a future date.
货币政策	Monetary Policy	The actions of a central bank, currency board, or other regulatory committee, that determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply, which in turn affects interest rates.
获利抛售	Profit Taking	Occurs when traders sell stock to cash in on a sharp rise. This action pushes prices down temporarily.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:37

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
机构基金	Institutional Fund	A mutual fund targeting high value investors with low fees, but high minimum requirements.
机构经纪人预测系统	IBES	A system that gathers and compiles the different estimates made by stock analysts on the future earnings for the majority of U.S. publicly traded companies.
机构经纪人预测系统	Institutional Brokers' Estimate System (IBES)	A system that gathers and compiles the different estimates made by stock analysts on the future earnings for the majority of U.S. publicly traded companies.
机构投资者	Institutional Investor	A non-bank person or organization that trades securities in large enough share quantities or dollar amounts that they qualify for preferential treatment and lower commissions. Institutional investors face less protective regulations because it is assumed that they are more knowledgeable and better able to protect themselves
机构债券	Agency Bonds	A bond issued by a government agency.
机构证券	Agency Securities	Low risk debt obligations issued by enterprises that the U.S. Government sponsors.
机会成本	Opportunity Cost	The difference in return between a chosen investment and one that is passed up.
机械化投资	Mechanical Investing	Buying and selling stocks based on criteria that meets the predetermined mechanical investing screen. This screen usually ranks stocks using the central element of relative strength or momentum, but other indicators can also be used. Investors buy the top 5-10 stocks according to this type of screening process.
积极管理	Active Management	An investing strategy that seeks returns in excess of a specified benchmark.
积极投资	Active Investing	An investment strategy involving ongoing buying and selling actions of the investor. Active investors will purchase investments and continuously monitor their activity in order to exploit profitable conditions.
基本面分析	Fundamental Analysis	A method of evaluating securities by attempting to measure the intrinsic value of a particular stock. Fundamental analysts study everything from the overall economy and industry conditions, to the financial condition and management of companies.
基本时期	Base Period	A particular time period used for comparative purposes when measuring economic data.
基础设施	Infrastructure	The basic physical systems of a nation.
基点	Basis Point (BP)	A measure of a bond's yield, equal to 1/100th of 1% of yield. A bond whose yield increases from 5.0% to 5.5% is said to increase by 50 basis points.
基金经理	Fund Manager	The person responsible for investing of a mutual fund's assets, implementing its investment strategy, and managing in day-to-day portfolio trading.
基金中的基金	Funds of Funds	A mutual fund which invests in other mutual funds.
基于财务表现额外对价条款	Earnout	A contractual provision where the seller of a business obtains additional consideration based on the business achieving certain financial goals in the future. These goals are usually stated as a percentage of gross sales or earnings.
基准	Benchmark	Anything that serves as a standard for something's performance to be measured against.
基准债券	Benchmark Bond	A bond that provides a standard for comparing the performance of other bonds. Government bonds are almost always used as benchmark bonds.
激进会计法	Aggressive Accounting	The practice of inappropriately misconstruing income statements for the purpose of pleasing investors and inflating stock prices.
及时生产	Just In Time	A production strategy companies employ to increase efficiency and decrease waste by producing goods only as they are ordered or needed.
即付年金	Annuity Due	An annuity whose payment is to be made immediately, rather than at the end of the period.
即期交易	Spot Trade	The purchase and sale of a foreign currency or commodity for immediate delivery.
即期票据	Demand Note	A loan with no fixed term or set duration of repayment. It can be recalled upon the lenders request, assuming the notice required by the provisions of the loan are met.
积压待发股票、悬货	Overhang	Calculated as stock options granted, plus the remaining options to still be granted, and then divided by the total shares outstanding.
集体基金	Collective Fund	An investment vehicle that combines tax exempt assets of various individuals and organizations in order to create a well diversified portfolio.
挤油交易、反复买卖	Churning	An unethical practice employed by some brokers to increase their commissions by excessively trading in a client's account
计量经济学	Econometrics	The application of statistical theories to economic ones for the purpose of forecasting future trends.
记录日	Record Date	The date established by an issuer of a security for the purpose of determining the holders who are entitled to receive a dividend or distribution
技术分析	Technical Analysis	A method of evaluating securities by analyzing statistics generated by market activity, such as past prices and volume. Technical analysts do not attempt to measure a security's intrinsic value. Technical analysts often use charts to identify patterns that can suggest future activity.
季度(第一季度、第二季度、第三季度、第四季度)	Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4	A three-month period on a financial calendar that acts as a basis for the reporting of earnings and the paying of dividends.
季度(第一季度、第二季度、第三季度、第四季度)	Quarter (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4)	A three-month period on a financial calendar that acts as a basis for the reporting of earnings and the paying of dividends.
加快折旧	Accelerated Depreciation	Any method of depreciation used for accounting or income tax purposes that allows greater deductions in the earlier years of the life of an asset.
加强信贷措施	Credit Enhancement	A method whereby a company attempts to improve its debt or credit worthiness.
加权平均资本成本	WACC	A calculation of a firm's cost of capital that weights each category of capital proportionately. Included in the WACC calculation are all capital sources including: common stock, preferred stock, bonds, and any other long term debt. WACC is calculated by multiplying the cost of each capital component by its proportional weighting and then summing: Where: Re = cost of equity Rd = cost of debt E = the market value of the firm's equity D = the market value of the firm's debt V = E + D E/V = percentage of financing that is equity D/V = percentage of financing that is debt Tc = the corporate tax rate
加权平均资本成本	Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)	A calculation of a firm's cost of capital that weights each category of capital proportionately. Included in the WACC calculation are all capital sources including: common stock, preferred stock, bonds, and any other long term debt. WACC is calculated by multiplying the cost of each capital component by its proportional weighting and then summing: Where: Re = cost of equity Rd = cost of debt E = the market value of the firm's equity D = the market value of the firm's debt V = E + D E/V = percentage of financing that is equity D/V = percentage of financing that is debt Tc = the corporate tax rate
加权平均总市值	Weighted Average Market Capitalization	A stock market index weighted by the value of all shares outstanding for each stock.
家庭成员	Member of Household	A person who has lived in the taxpayer's home for the entire tax year.
家庭开支	Household Expenses	A per person breakdown of general living expenses. It includes the amount paid for lodging, food consumed within the home, utilities paid, and other expenses. The sum of all the expenses is then divided by the number of family members residing in the house in order to find each member's part of the total expense.
夹层融资	Mezzanine Financing	A type of equity financing used in takeovers. It uses preferred shares and convertible securities to make a target firm larger. Financing that combines debt and equity.
价差、息差	Spread	The difference between the bid and the ask prices of a security or asset. An options position established by purchasing one option and selling another option of the same class, but of a different series.
价格波幅	Range	A stocks low price and high price for a particular trading period, such as the close of a day's trading, the opening of a day's trading, a day, a month, or a year.
价格发现	Price Discovery	A method of determining the price for a specific commodity through basic supply and demand factors related to the market
价格风险	Price Risk	The risk that the value of a security or portfolio of securities will decline in the future.
价格回升	Rally	A rise in the prices of individual securities, bonds, or indexes, following a period of flat or declining prices.
价格目标	Price Target	The projected price level as stated by an investment analyst or advisor.
价值股票	Value Stock	A stock that is considered undervalued by a value investor. Common characteristics of such stocks include a high dividend yield and low price-to-book ratio.
价值链	Value Chain	A high-level model of how businesses receive raw materials as input, add value to the raw materials through various processes, and sell finished products to customers
价值评估	Appraisal	An opinion of value for a property or business.
价值投资	Value Investing	The process of selecting stocks that trade for less than their intrinsic value. A value investor typically selects stocks with lower than average price-to-book or price-to-earning ratios.
坚定承诺	Firm commitment	A lending institution's promise to enter into a loan agreement with a specific entity, within a certain period of time. An underwriter's agreement to assume all inventory risk and purchase all securities directly from the issuer for sale to the public at the price specified.
减记	Write-Down	Reducing the book value of an asset because it is overvalued compared to market values.
减价、调低标价	Markdown	The difference between the highest current bid price among broker-dealers in the market and the lower price that a dealer charges a customer.
减损盈利的收购项目	Dilutive Acquisition	An acquisition that will decrease the acquiring company's EPS.
减债	Deleverage	The reduction of financial instruments or borrowed capital previously used to increase the potential return of an investment. It is the opposite of leverage.
间接成本	Overhead	A reference in accounting to all costs not including or related to direct labor, materials, or administration costs
交叉持股	Cross Holding	When listed corporations own securities issued by other listed corporations.
交叉代理人	Agency Cross	A trade that has only one agent acting for the buyer and seller. Also known as Dual Agency.
交叉对冲	Cross Hedge	The act of hedging ones position by taking an offsetting position in another good with similar price movements.
交叉基金	Crossover Fund	An investment fund that invests in both public and private equity.
交叉交易	Cross	When a broker receives a buy and sell order for the same stock at the same price, and subsequently makes a simultaneous trade between two separate customers.
交割价格	Delivery Price	A price for the delivery of underlying commodities upon the expiration of futures contracts. This price is fixed by clearing houses.
交割、交货	Delivery	The act whereby an underlying commodity, security, cash value, or delivery instrument covering the commodity is tendered and received by the contract holder.
交割日期	Delivery Date	The final date by which the underlying commodity for a futures contract must be delivered in order for the terms of the contract to be fulfilled. The maturity date of a currency forward contract.
交割文件	Delivery Instrument	A document that stands in lieu of the physical underlying during the delivery of the futures contract.
交割月份	Delivery Month	The month in which a contract expires and delivery of the underlying or cash is required for fulfillment.
交易单位、批	Lot	In general, any group of goods or services making up a transaction.
交易对手风险	Counterparty Risk	The risk to each party of a contract that the counterparty will not live up to their contractual obligations.
交易后估值	Post-Money Valuation	The value of a company after external financing alternatives are added to its balance sheet.
交易控制	Curb	A temporary restriction on program trading in a particular security or market, usually to reduce dramatic price movements.
交易量、成交量	Volume Of Trade	The number of shares or contracts traded in a security or an entire market during a given period.
交易前估值	Pre-Money Valuation	The value of a company before external financing alternatives are added to its balance sheet.
交易所分销	Exchange Distribution	A trade made on the floor of a securities exchange, where a large block of shares traded actually represent many buy and sell orders that have been pooled and executed as one transaction.
交易所指数基金	Exchange Traded Fund	A security that tracks an index but has the flexibility of trading like a stock. Just like an index fund, an ETF represents a basket of stocks that reflect an index. The difference is that an ETF isn't a mutual fund - it trades just like any other company on a stock exchange. Unlike a mutual fund, which have their net asset value (NAV) calculated at the end of each trading day, an ETF's price changes throughout the day from buying and selling.
结构性票据	Structured Note	A synthetic medium-term debt obligation with embedded components and characteristics that adjust the risk/return profile of the security. An instrument whose value is determined by the price movement of the asset underlying the note. It allows investors to realize a profit from favorable price movements.
结构性融资	Structured Finance	A service offered by many large financial institutions for companies with very unique financing needs. These financing needs usually don't match conventional financial products such as a loan. Structured finance generally involves highly complex financial transactions.
结构性失业	Structural Unemployment	Unemployment resulting from changes in the basic composition of the economy. These changes simultaneously open new positions for trained workers.
结晶交易	Crystallization	The act of selling and buying stocks almost instantaneously in order to increase or decrease book value.
结算	Clearing	The procedure by which an organization acts as an intermediary and assumes the role of a buyer and seller for transactions in order to reconcile orders between transacting parties.
结算费用	Clearing Fee	A fee charged by clearing corporations for their services provided to investment firms.
结算行	Clearing House	This is a firm that guarantees the obligations of the parties in an exchange traded security or derivative transaction.
结算价格	Settlement Price	The average price that a contract trades at, calculated for both the open and the close of each trading day.
结算日期	Settlement Date	The date by which an executed security trade must be settled. That is, the date by which a buyer must pay for the securities delivered by the seller. The payment date of benefits from a life insurance policy.
借项、借方	Debit	An accounting entry which results in either an increase in assets or a decrease in liabilities or in your bank account.
今天最低	Today's Low	The intra-day low trading price.
今天最高	Today's High	The intra-day high trading price.
金钱、货币	Money	A commodity or asset, such as gold, an officially issued currency, coin, or paper note, that can be legally exchanged for something equivalent, such as goods or services. D1083As defined by common law: a medium of exchange authorized or adopted by a domestic or foreign government and includes a monetary unit of account established by an intergovernmental organization or by agreement between two or more nations.
金融超级市场	Financial Supermarket	A financial company that offers a wide range of services to its clients.
金融时报股票交易所指数	FTSE	A company that specializes in index calculation. Although not part of a stock exchange, co-owners include the London Stock Exchange and the Financial Times.
金融中介机构	Financial Intermediary	An institution that acts as the middleman between investors and firms raising funds. Often referred to as financial institutions.
金融资产	Financial Asset	An asset that derives value because of a contractual claim. Examples are stocks, bonds, or bank deposits.
金融资产重整	Financial Engineering	The creation of new and improved financial products through innovative design or repackaging of existing financial instruments.
金手铐	Golden Handcuffs	An incentive given to existing employees in hopes that they will decide to stay with the company.
紧缩	Squeeze	In financial terms, a period of time when borrowing is difficult. In general business terms, times when increasing costs cannot be passed onto consumers. The decrease in profits is said to be caused by a squeeze on profit margins.
紧缩信贷	Credit Crunch	An economic condition whereby investment capital is difficult to obtain. Banks and investors become weary of lending funds to corporations thereby driving up the price of debt products for borrowers.
尽力推销	Best Efforts	An underwriter's agreement to act as an agent between an issuing company and investors.
尽职调查	Due Diligence	An investigation or audit of a potential investment. Due diligence serves to confirm all material facts in regards to a sale. Generally, due diligence refers to the care a reasonable person should take before entering in an agreement or transaction with another party.
进口	Import	In reference to international trade, these are goods brought into one country from another.
进取投资策略	Aggressive Investment Strategy	A method of portfolio management that attempts to achieve maximum return. Aggressive investors place a higher percentage of their assets in equities than they do in safer debt securities.
经常帐户	Current Account	The difference between a nation's total exports of goods, services, and transfers, and its total imports of them. Current account balance calculations exclude transactions in financial assets and liabilities.
经磋商协议的承销费用	Negotiated Underwriting	When the purchase price and commission for underwriting a new issue are negotiated, as opposed to using the competitive bid process.
经纪公司催缴通知	House Call	Notification from a broker that a customer's equity in a margin account is below the required maintenance level. The customer must provide more cash or securities to meet a house call.
经济合作及发展组织	OECD	The OECD is a group of 30 member countries who discuss and develop economic and social policy.
经济衰退	Recession	A significant decline in activity spread across the economy, lasting longer than a few months. It is visible in industrial production, employment, real income, and wholesale-retail trade. The technical indicator of a recession is two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth as measured by a country's GDP.
经济体系	Economy	A set of interrelated economic production and consumption activities.
经济萧条	Depression	A severe and prolonged recession characterized by inefficient economic productivity, high unemployment, and falling price levels.
经济学	Economics	The study of how people use their limited resources in an attempt to satisfy unlimited wants.
经济增值	EVA	A measure of a company's financial performance coined by Stern Stewart & Co. EVA measures the residual wealth of a company when its cost of capital is deducted from its operating profit (adjusted for taxes on a cash basis). EVA is calculated as: *Net Operating profit After taxes (NOPAT) - (Capital Cost of Capital)**
经济增值	Economic Value Added (EVA)	A measure of a company's financial performance coined by Stern Stewart & Co. EVA measures the residual wealth of a company when its cost of capital is deducted from its operating profit (adjusted for taxes on a cash basis). EVA is calculated as: *Net Operating profit After taxes (NOPAT) - (Capital Cost of Capital)**
精算	Actuary	A professional working for an insurance company. They evaluate your application and medical records to project how long you will live.
净出口值	Net Exports	The value of total exports minus the value of total imports.
净亏损、净损失	Net Loss	When a person or company's expenses exceeds the income produced.
净收入	NI	An individual or company's total earnings, reflecting revenues adjusted for costs of doing business, depreciation, interest, taxes, and other expenses.
净收入	Net Income (NI)	An individual or company's total earnings, reflecting revenues adjusted for costs of doing business, depreciation, interest, taxes, and other expenses.
净收益	Net Proceeds	The amount received after all the costs are deducted from the sale of property, a loan, or the sale of some type of security.
净投资收入	Net Investment Income	The profit resulting from an investment minus any direct expenses.
净息差	Net Interest Margin	The difference between interest income and interest expenses, divided by average earning assets.
净现值	NPV	An approach used in capital budgeting where the present value of cash inflow is subtracted from the present value of cash outflows.
净现值	Net Present Value (NPV)	An approach used in capital budgeting where the present value of cash inflow is subtracted from the present value of cash outflows.
净销售额	Net Sales	The amount a seller receives from the buyer after costs associated with the sale are deducted.
净债务	Net Debt	Calculated as short and long term interest bearing debt minus cash (and equivalents).
净值	Net Worth	The amount by which a person's assets exceed their liabilities.
净资产回报率	Return On Net Assets (RONA)	A measure of a corporation's profitability, calculated as: Net Income ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Shareholder's Equity
竞标	Competitive Bid	A process whereby an underwriter submits a sealed bid to the issuer. The issuer awards the contract to the underwriter with the best price and contract terms.
静止期	Quiet Period	In terms of an IPO, the period where an issuer is subject to a SEC ban on promotional publicity. The quiet period usually lasts either 40 or 90 days from the IPO.
境外	Offshore	A term describing entities located or based outside of one's national boundaries.
镜子基金	Mirror Fund	A type of mutual fund, typically run by a life insurance company, that enables an investor to access another company's mutual fund through their life insurance policies.
具增值作用的收购项目	Accretive Acquisition	An acquisition that will increase the acquiring company's EPS.
捐赠	Endowment	Assets, funds, or property that is donated to an institution, an individual, or a group as a source of income.
均衡	Equilibrium	The state where market supply and demand balance each other and, therefore, prices are stable.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:38

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
开放性基金	Open-End Fund	A mutual fund that continues to sell shares to investors, and will buy back shares when investors wish to sell
开放性信贷	Open End Credit	A pre-approved loan that may be used repeatedly up to a certain limit.
开市前交易	Pre-Market Trading	Trading done before the regular market opens.
开支	Expense	Money spent by a firm to continue its ongoing operations. Money spent or costs incurred that are deductible and reduce your taxable income.
开支比率	Expense Ratio	The percentage of the assets that were spent to run a mutual fund. It includes things like management and advisory fees, travel costs, and 12b-1 fees. The expense ratio does not include brokerage costs for trading the portfolio.
看涨的多空套做	Bull Spread	An option strategy in which maximum profit is attained if the underlying security rises in price. Either calls or puts can be used. The lower strike price is purchased and the higher strike price is sold. The options have the same expiration date.
看涨的纵向多空套做	Bull Vertical Spread	An optimistic strategy used by investors who feel that the market price of a commodity will appreciate, but wish to limit the downside potential associated with an incorrect prediction.
抗鲨措施	Shark Repellent	Any number of measures taken by a corporation to discourage an unwanted takeover attempt.
可变成本	Variable Cost	A cost that changes in proportion to a change in a company's activity or business.
可变寿险保单	Variable Life Insurance Policy	A life insurance contract that provides financial compensation to the named beneficiaries in the event of the insured's death. The insurance company guarantees payment of a minimum amount plus an additional sum according to the performance of a separate account, usually invested in equities or other relatively high-yielding securities.
可持续增长率	Sustainable Growth Rate	The maximum growth rate that a firm can sustain without having to increase financial leverage. Calculated as: ROE x (1 - dividend-payout ratio)
可磋商修改的	Negotiable	A term relating to the price of a good or security which is not firmly established. A term relating to a good or security whose ownership is easily transferable from one party to another
可互换	Fungibility	The interchangeability of listed options, futures contracts, and other instruments dependent upon identical terms.
可互换物品	Fungibles	Goods, securities, or instruments that are equivalent and, therefore, are interchangeable.
可见供应	Invisible Supply	Stocks of commodity that are available for delivery upon futures contracts, but whose quantities cannot be accurately identified.
可交换债务	Exchangeable Debt	Similar to convertibles, except this type of debt can be converted into the shares of a company other than the issuer (usually a subsidiary).
可交换证券	Exchangeable Security	A security that grants its holder the right to exchange it for the common stock of a firm other than the issuer.
可买回优先股	Callable Preferred Stock	A type of preferred stock that carries the provision that the issuer has the right to call in the stock at a certain price and retire it.
可买回债券	Callable Bond	A bond that can be redeemed by the issuer prior to its maturity. Usually a premium is paid to the bond owner when the bond is called.
可卖回债券	Put Bond	A bond that allows the holder to force the issuer to repurchase the security at specified dates before maturity. The repurchase price is set at the time of issue, and is usually par value.
可延长债券	Extendable Bond	A bond issue with a maturity that can be extended to a longer period at the option of the issuer.
可支配收入	Disposable Income	The amount of after-tax income that is available to divide between spending and personal savings.
可转换次级票据	Convertible Subordinated Note	A short-term debt security (note), that can be changed into common stock (convertible) and ranks below other loans (subordinate).
可转换公司信用债券	Convertible Debenture	Any type of debenture that can be converted into some other security.
可转换优先股	Convertible Preferred Stock	Preferred stock that can be converted into common stock at the option of the holder.
可转换债券	Convertible Bond	bond that can be converted into a predetermined amount of the company's equity at certain times during its life. Convertibles are sometimes called CVs.
可转换证券	Convertibles	Securities, usually bonds or preferred shares, that can be converted into common stock. ?
可自由支配收入	Discretionary Income	The amount of an individual's income available for spending after the essentials have been taken care of.
空头猛跌，大量抛空以使价格下跌	Bear Raid	An illegal practice whereby investors attempt to push the price of a stock lower by taking large short positions and spreading unfavorable rumors about the target firm.
恐慌性出售	Panic Selling	High volume selling brought about by sharp price declines.
控股公司	Holding Company	A parent corporation that owns enough voting stock in another corporation to control its board of directors (and, therefore, controls its policies and management).
扣除利息及税项前盈利	EBIT	An indicator of a company's financial performance calculated as: Revenue - Expenses (excluding tax and interest)
扣除利息、税项及折旧前盈利	EBITD	An indicator of a company's financial performance calculated as: Revenue - Expenses (excluding tax, interest, and depreciation)
扣除利息、税项、折旧及摊销前盈利	EBITDA	An indicator of a company's financial performance calculated as: Revenue - Expenses (excluding tax, interest, depreciation, and amortization)
扣除利息、税项、折旧、摊销及重组成本前盈利	EBITDAR	An indicator of a company's financial performance calculated as: Revenue - Expenses (excluding tax, interest, depreciation, amortization, and restructuring costs)
库存、存货	Inventory	Inventory can be either raw materials, finished items already available for sale, or goods in the process of being manufactured. Inventory is recorded as an asset on a company's balance sheet.
库存股	Treasury Stock	When a company repurchases its common stock and holds this stock in the company's treasury.
库存证券发行	Treasury Offering	The issuance of an additional class of security already existing in a firm's treasury.
库存置存成本	Carrying Cost Of Inventory	The cost of maintaining inventory in a company's warehouse.
库存周转率	Inventory Turnover	A ratio that shows how many times the inventory of a firm is sold and replaced over a specific period. Generally calculated as: Sales ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Inventory However, it may also be calculated as: Cost of Goods Sold ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Average Inventory
跨国企业	Multinational Corporation	A corporation that has its facilities and other assets in at least one other foreign country. Sometimes referred to as transnational corporation.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:39

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
垃圾债券、高风险债券	Junk Bond	A bond purchased for speculative purposes. They are usually rated BB or lower, and they have a higher default risk.
来自营运现金流	Funds From Operations (FFO)	Used by real estate investment trusts (REITS) to define the cash flow from their operations. It is calculated by adding depreciation and amortization expenses to earnings, and sometimes quoted on a per share basis.
蓝筹	Blue Chip	A security from a well-established, financially-sound, and stable company that has demonstrated its ability to pay dividends in both good and bad times.
劳工密集	Labor Intensive	A process or industry that requires large amounts of human effort to produce goods.
乐观投资者	Bull	An investor who thinks the market, a specific security, or an industry will rise.
累积股息	Cumulative Dividend	A limitation placed upon corporations ensuring the payment of preferred dividends before making distributions to common shareholders.
累计投票	Cumulative Voting	The procedure of voting for a company's directors, where each shareholder is entitled one vote per share times the number of directors to be elected. This is sometimes known as proportional voting.
累进税	Progressive Tax	A tax that takes a larger percentage from the income of high-income people than it does from low-income people.
累退税	Regressive Tax	A tax that takes a larger percentage from the income of low-income people than the income of high-income people.
理论性道琼斯指数	Theoretical Dow Jones Index	A method of calculating a Dow Jones index (most often the DJIA) that assumes all index components hit their high or low at the same time during the day.
利率	Interest Rate	The monthly effective rate paid (or received if you are a creditor) on borrowed money. Expressed as a percentage of the sum borrowed.
利率变动风险防范	Immunization	A strategy that matches the durations of assets and liabilities, thereby minimizing the impact of interest rates on the net worth.
利率掉期	Interest Rate Swap	A deal between banks or companies where borrowers switch floating-rate loans for fixed rate loans in another country. These can be either the same or different currencies.
利率平价理论	Interest Rate Parity	A theory that the interest rate differential between two countries is equal to the differential between the forward exchange rate and the spot exchange rate.
利润	Profit	The same as net income, it is the company's total earnings less expenses.
利润分成计划	Profit Sharing Plan	A plan wherein the employees get a share in the profits of the company. The company decides what portion of the profit will be shared. Each employee then receives, into an account, a percentage of those profits based on their earnings. There are typically restrictions as to when and how you can withdraw these funds without penalties.
利润率	Profit Margin	An indicator of profitability, It is calculated as net earnings after taxes divided by revenues. Profit margin is usually displayed as a percentage.
利润预警	Profit Warning	When a company advises its earnings won't meet analyst expectations.
利润中心	Profit Center	The branch or division of a company that creates profits individually and separately from the main organization.
利息、权益	Interest	The charge for the privilege of borrowing money, typically expressed as an annual percentage rate. The amount of ownership a stockholder has in a company, usually expressed as a percentage.
连带、共同	Jointly and Severally	A legal term describing a partnership wherein individual decisions are binding against all parties involved and thus undivided. A term used in underwriting syndicates to refer to the distinct responsibility of individual companies to sell a certain portion of unsold new issue.
连带违约	Cross Default	A provisions in a bond indenture or loan agreement that puts the borrower in default if the borrower defaults on another obligation.
联邦储备模型	Fed Model	A model thought to be used by the Federal Reserve that hypothesizes a relationship between long-term treasury notes and the market return of equities.
联邦储备体系	Federal Reserve System (the Fed)	The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States.
联邦储备委员会	Federal Reserve Board (FRB)	The governing body of the Federal Reserve System. The seven members of the Board of Governors are appointed by the president, subject to confirmation by the Senate.
联邦储备银行	Federal Reserve Bank	The banks that carry out Fed operations, including controlling the money supply and regulating member banks. There are 12 District Feds, headquartered in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, St. Louis, San Francisco, Richmond, Atlanta, Chicago, Minneapolis, Kansas City, and Dallas.
联邦基金	Federal Funds	Funds deposited to regional Federal Reserve Banks by commercial banks, including funds in excess of reserve requirements.
联邦基金利率	Federal Funds Rate	The interest rate at which a depository institution lends immediately available funds (balances at the Federal Reserve) to another depository institution overnight.
联储局	Fed	The governing body of the Federal Reserve System. The seven members of the Board of Governors are appointed by the president, subject to confirmation by the Senate.
联储局	The Fed	The governing body of the Federal Reserve System. The seven members of the Board of Governors are appointed by the president, subject to confirmation by the Senate.
联合账户	Joint Account	A brokerage or bank account that is owned together (jointly) by two or more people.
联营公司	Affiliated Companies	A situation that occurs when one company owns a minority interest (less than 50%) in another company. Also refers to companies that are related to each other in some way.
廉价急售	Distressed Sale	An urgent sale of assets because of negative conditions.
[廉价]倾销	Dumping	In international trade, this occurs when one country exports a significant amount of goods to another country at prices much lower than in the domestic market. A slang term for selling a stock with little regard for price.
两地上市	Dual Listing	The listing of a company's shares on more than one stock exchange.
零和游戏	Zero-Sum Game	A situation in which one participant's gains result only from another participant's equivalent losses. The net change is always 0.
零期限货币	Money Zero Maturity (MZM)	A measure of the liquid money supply within an economy. MZM represents all money in M2 less the time deposits, plus all money market funds.
零售投资者	Retail Investor	Individual investors who buy and sell securities for their personal account, and not for another company or organization.
零售银行	Retail Banking	Retail banking is typical mass-market banking where individual customers use local branches of larger commercial banks. Services offered include: savings and checking accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, credit cards, and so forth.
零息票可转换证券	Zero-Coupon Convertible	A zero-coupon bond issued by a corporation, it can be converted into that corporation's common stock at a certain price.
零息票债券	Zero-Coupon Bond	A corporate or municipal debt security traded at a deep discount from face value. It is traded at a deep discount because the bond pays no interest. The profit is realized when the bond is redeemed at maturity for its full face value. It may be issued at a discount, or it may be stripped of its coupons by a bank and then repackaged as a zero coupon bond.
零星股、散股	Odd Lot	An amount of a security that is less than the normal unit of trading for that particular security.
流动比率	Working Ratio	A ratio used to measure a company's ability to recover operating costs from annual revenue. This ratio is calculated by taking the company's total annual expenses (excluding depreciation and debt-related expenses) and dividing by the annual gross income
流动比率	Current Ratio	Indicator of company's ability to pay short-term obligations; calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities.
流动负债	Current Liabilities	Usually appearing on a company's balance sheet, it represents the amount owed for interest, accounts payable, short-term loans, expenses incurred but unpaid, and other debts due within one year.
流动性偏好理论	Liquidity Preference Theory	The hypothesis that forward rates offer a premium over expected future spot rates.
流动资产	Current Assets	Appearing on a company's balance sheet, it represents cash, accounts receivable, inventory, marketable securities, prepaid expenses, and other assets that can be converted to cash within one year.
流通风险	Liquidity Risk	The risk stemming from the lack of marketability of an investment that cannot be bought or sold quickly enough to prevent or minimize a loss.
流通性、变现能力	Liquidity	The degree to which an asset or security can be bought or sold in the market without affecting the asset's price. Liquidity is characterized by a high level of trading activity. The ability to convert an asset to cash quickly.
流通资产净值	Net Liquid Assets	A company's liquid financial assets minus its current liabilities.
龙债券	Dragon Bond	A bond that is issued in Asia, but the denomination of the bond is in U.S. dollars.
垄断、专利	Monopoly	A situation in which a single company owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service. For a strict academic definition, a monopoly is a market containing a single firm.
路演	Road Show	A presentation by an issuer of securities to potential buyers. It is intended to create interest in the securities.
伦敦银行同业拆放利率	LIBOR	This is the rate of interest at which banks borrow funds, in marketable size, from other banks in the London interbank market.
伦敦银行同业拆放利率	London Interbank Offer Rate (LIBOR)	This is the rate of interest at which banks borrow funds, in marketable size, from other banks in the London interbank market.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:40

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
买方叫价	Ask (Price)	The price a seller is willing to accept for a security, also known as the offer price.
买方	Buy-Side	The investing institutions such as mutual funds, pension funds, and insurance firms that tend to buy large portions of securities.
买方出价	Bid	An offer by an investor, trader, or dealer to buy a security. The price at which a market maker is willing to buy a security.
买方出价	Bid Price	The price a buyer is willing to pay for a security.
买方垄断	Monopsony	Similar to a monopoly, but where a large buyer (not seller) controls a large proportion of the market and drives the prices down. Sometimes referred to as the buyers monopoly.
买方市场	Buyer's Market	A market condition characterized by an abundance of goods available for sale.
买回日期	Call Date	The date on which a bond can be redeemed before maturity. If the issuer feels there is a benefit to refinancing the issue, the bond may be redeemed on the call date at par or at a small premium to par.
买回收益率	Yield To Call	The yield of a bond or note if you were to buy and hold the security until the call date. This yield is valid only if the security is called prior to maturity. The calculation of yield to call is based on the coupon rate, the length of time to the call date, and the market price.
买回溢价	Call Premium	The dollar amount over the par value of a convertible fixed income and debt security. This amount is given to holders when the security is called by the issuer due to the soft call provision. The amount the purchaser of a call option must pay to the writer.
买卖差价	Bid-Ask Spread	The amount that the ask price exceeds the bid.
买入	Buy	A recommendation to purchase a specific security.
买入并持有	Buy And Hold	An investing strategy where stocks are bought and held for a long period regardless of fluctuations in the market.
买入-出售比率	Put-Call Ratio	A ratio of the trading volume of put options to call options. It is used to gauge investor sentiment.
买入-出售价差	Put-Call Parity	The relationship between the price of a put and the price of a call on the same underlying with the same expiration date.
买入对冲	Buying Hedge	A transaction that commodities investors undertake to hedge against possible increases in the prices of the actuals underlying the futures contracts.
买入期权	Call	An option contract giving the owner the right (but not the obligation) to buy a specified amount of an underlying security at a specified price within a specified time.
买入期权	Call Option	An agreement that gives an investor the right (but not the obligation) to buy a stock, bond, commodity, or other instrument at a specified price within a specific time period.
买入认股权证	Call Warrant	A warrant that gives the holder the right to buy the underlying share for an agreed price, on or before a specified date.
卖出	Sell	A recommendation to sell a particular security. The process of liquidating an asset in exchange for money.
卖出对冲	Selling Hedge	A hedging strategy used in futures markets whereby the sale of futures contracts are meant to offset a long underlying commodity position.
卖方寡头垄断	Oligopsony	Similar to an oligopoly, but where a small number of large buyers (not sellers) control a large proportion of the market and drive prices down.
卖方市场	Seller's Market	A market condition characterized by a shortage of goods available for sale.
卖空	Selling Short	The selling of a security that the seller does not own, or any sale that is completed by the delivery of a security borrowed by the seller. Short sellers assume that they will be able to buy the stock at a lower amount than the price at which they sold short
卖空	Short Selling	The selling of a security that the seller does not own, or any sale that is completed by the delivery of a security borrowed by the seller. Short sellers assume that they will be able to buy the stock at a lower amount than the price at which they sold short
毛收入	Gross Income	For individuals, it is your total personal income before deductions. For companies, it is their revenue minus cost of goods sold (also called gross margin).
贸易加权美元	Trade-Weighted Dollar	The trade-weighted dollar represents the foreign currency price of the U.S. dollar or the export value of the U.S. dollar.
贸易融资	Trade Finance	The science that describes the management of money, banking, credit, investments, and assets for international trade transactions.
每股现金流	Cash Flow Per Share	Cash flow from operations minus preferred stock dividends, divided by the number of common shares outstanding. This measures a firm's financial strength.?
每股销售额	Sales Per Share	A ratio that computes the total revenue earned per share over a 12-month period. It is calculated by dividing total revenue earned in a fiscal year by the weighted average of shares outstanding for that fiscal year.
每股盈利	EPS	The portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. Calculated as: Net Income - Dividends on Preferred Stock ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Average Outstanding Shares Companies usually use a weighted average number of shares outstanding over the reporting term.
每股盈利	Earnings Per Share (EPS)	The portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. Calculated as: Net Income - Dividends on Preferred Stock ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Average Outstanding Shares Companies usually use a weighted average number of shares outstanding over the reporting term.
每股资产净值	NAVPS	In mutual funds, the value of a mutual fund share. Calculated by dividing the total net asset value of the fund by the number of shares outstanding. In corporate valuations, the net asset value divided by the number of shares outstanding.
每股资产净值	NAV per Share	In mutual funds, the value of a mutual fund share. Calculated by dividing the total net asset value of the fund by the number of shares outstanding. In corporate valuations, the net asset value divided by the number of shares outstanding.
每股资产净值	Net Asset Value per Share	In mutual funds, the value of a mutual fund share. Calculated by dividing the total net asset value of the fund by the number of shares outstanding. In corporate valuations, the net asset value divided by the number of shares outstanding.
每股自由现金流	Free Cash Flow per Share	A measure of a company's financial flexibility. It is calculated as net income plus all non-cash expenses, less dividends and capital expenditures. The total is then divided by the number of shares outstanding.
每普通股账面价值	Book Value Per Common	A measure used by owners of common shares within a firm to determine the level of safety associated with each individual share after all debts are paid accordingly.
每日产量(桶)	Barrel's per Day	A statistic often used to determine output for oil production.
美国财政部	U.S. Treasury	The United States Department of the Treasury is the government department responsible for issuing all Treasury bonds, notes, and bills.
美国存托股份	American Depository Share (ADS)	A share issued under deposit agreement that represents an underlying security in the issuer's home country.?
美国存托凭证	American Depository Receipt (ADR)	A stock representing a specified number of shares in a foreign corporation. ADRs are bought and sold in the American markets just like regular stocks. An ADR is issued by a U.S. Bank, consisting of a bundle of shares of a foreign corporation that are being held in custody overseas. The foreign entity must provide financial information to the sponsor bank. ADRs do not eliminate the currency and economic risks for the underlying shares in another country. ADRs are listed on either the NYSE, AMEX, or Nasdaq.
美国股票交易所	American Stock Exchange	The third largest stock exchange in the United States. The AMEX is located in New York and handles approximately 10% of all securities traded in the States.
APICS(美国生产及库存控制协议)商业前景指数	APICS Business Outlook Index	A national manufacturing index that surveys several manufacturing firms on a monthly basis. If the index is above 50 it signals expansion, if it dips below 50 it indicates contraction.
美国证券交易监督委员会 (美国证监会)	SEC	A government commission created by Congress to regulate the securities markets and protect investors. In addition to regulation and protection, it also monitors the corporate takeovers in the United States. The SEC is composed of five commissioners appointed by the president of the United States and approved by the Senate. The statutes administered by the SEC are designed to promote full public disclosure and protect the investing public against fraudulent and manipulative practices in the securities markets. Generally, most issues of securities offered in interstate commerce, through the mail, or on the Internet, must be registered with the SEC.
美国证券交易监督委员会 (美国证监会)	Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC)	A government commission created by Congress to regulate the securities markets and protect investors. In addition to regulation and protection, it also monitors the corporate takeovers in the United States. The SEC is composed of five commissioners appointed by the president of the United States and approved by the Senate. The statutes administered by the SEC are designed to promote full public disclosure and protect the investing public against fraudulent and manipulative practices in the securities markets. Generally, most issues of securities offered in interstate commerce, through the mail, or on the Internet, must be registered with the SEC.
美式期权	American Option	An option that can be exercised anytime during its life.
美国证券库斯普号码	CUSIP Number	A number identifying all stocks and registered bonds. The Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (CUSIP) oversees the entire CUSIP system.
猛犬债券	Bulldog Bond	A sterling denominated bond that is issued in London by a company that is not British.
密歇根消费者信心指数	Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index	A survey of consumer confidence conducted by the University of Michigan. The preliminary report is released on the tenth (except on weekends) of each month. A final report for the prior month is released on the first of the month.
免税期	Tax Holiday	A government incentive program that offers a tax reduction to foreign investors.
面值	Face Value	The stated principal amount of a debt instrument. The value printed value on a banknote or coin.
民营化	Privatization	The transfer of ownership from government owned to a privately owned corporation.
敏感度分析	Sensitivity Analysis	A technique for determining what might happen in a decision analysis if a key prediction turns out to be wrong.
名义股东	Dummy Shareholder	A person who holds shares in his or her name, but the shares are really owned by someone else.
名义价值	Nominal Value	The stated value of an issued security that remains fixed, as opposed to its market value, which fluctuates.
名义利率	Nominal Interest Rate	The interest rate unadjusted for inflation.
名义收益率	Nominal Yield	The interest rate stated on the face of a bond, it represents the percentage of interest to be paid by the issuer on the face value of the bond.
目标公司	Target Company	A firm that has been targeted by another firm for a takeover.
目标价格	Target Price	The projected price level as stated by an investment analyst or advisor

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:41

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
纳斯达克全国市场	Nasdaq-NM	The Nasdaq National Market consists of over 3000 companies that have a national or international shareholder base, meet stringent financial requirements, and agree to specific corporate governance standards.
纳入研究范围	Coverage Initiated	When a brokerage or analyst issues his/her first rating on a particular stock.
纳斯达克全国市场	Nasdaq National Market Securities	The Nasdaq National Market consists of over 3000 companies that have a national or international shareholder base, meet stringent financial requirements, and agree to specific corporate governance standards.
纳斯达克市场、国家证券经纪商协会自动报价系统	Nasdaq	Created in 1971, the Nasdaq was the world's first electronic stock market. The Nasdaq is a computerized system that facilitates trading and provides price quotations on some 5,000 of the more actively traded over-the-counter stocks.
耐用品	Durables	A category of consumer goods, durables are products which do not have to be purchased frequently. This includes appliances, home and office furnishings, lawn and garden equipment, consumer electronics, toy makers, small tool manufacturers, sporting goods, photographic equipment, and jewelry.
内部回报率	IRR	Often used in capital budgeting, it's the interest rate that makes net present value of all cash flow equal zero.
内部回报率	Internal Rate of Return (IRR)	Often used in capital budgeting, it's the interest rate that makes net present value of all cash flow equal zero.
内在价值	Intrinsic Value	The value of a company or an asset based on an underlying perception of the value. For call options, this is the difference between the underlying stock's price and the strike price. For put options, it is the difference between the strike price and the underlying stock's price. In the case of both puts and calls, if the difference between the underlying stock's price and the strike price is negative, the value is given as zero.
内幕交易	Insider Trading	The buying or selling of a security by insiders who possess material, nonpublic information about the security. The act puts insiders in breach of a fiduciary duty or other relationship of trust and confidence.
内幕人士	Insider	Any person who has or has access to valuable nonpublic information about a corporation.
内部审计	Internal Audit	An audit performed by a person (or persons) employed by the firm being audited.
内幕消息	Insider Information	Material information about a company's activities that has not been disclosed to the public.
内部增长	Organic Growth	The growth rate of a company, excluding any growth from takeovers, acquisitions, or mergers.
内部增长率	Internal Growth Rate	The highest level of growth achievable for a business without obtaining outside financing.
年报	Annual Report	A corporation's annual statement of financial operations. Annual reports include a balance sheet, income statement, auditor's report, and a description of the company's operations.
年金	Annuity	A series of fixed-amount payments paid at regular intervals over the specified period of the annuity.
年度股东大会	Annual General Meeting (AGM)	A mandatory yearly meeting of shareholders that allows stakeholders to stay informed and involved with company decisions and workings.
年度化	Annualize	Converting the rate of return from a period of less than one year to an annual (yearly) basis. Converting the taxation period from less than one year to an annual (yearly) basis.
牛市	Bull Market	A market in which prices of a certain group of securities are rising or are expected to rise.
纽约股票交易所	NYSE	A corporation, operated by a board of directors, responsible for setting policies, supervising the stock exchange and its member activities, and listing securities. The NYSE also oversees the transfer of members' seats on the Exchange, judging whether a potential applicant is qualified to be a specialist.
纽约股票交易所	New York Stock Exchange	A corporation, operated by a board of directors, responsible for setting policies, supervising the stock exchange and its member activities, and listing securities. The NYSE also oversees the transfer of members' seats on the Exchange, judging whether a potential applicant is qualified to be a specialist.
纽约股票交易所综合指数	NYSE Composite Index	Measures all common stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange and four subgroup indexes: Industrial, Transportation, Utility, and Finance. The index tracks the change in market value of NYSE common stocks, adjusted to eliminate the effects of new listings and de-listings. The market value of each stock is calculated by multiplying its price per share by the number of shares listed.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:42

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
欧洲美元	Eurodollar	U.S. dollar-denominated deposits at foreign banks or foreign branches of American banks. By locating outside of the United States, Eurodollars escape regulation by the Federal Reserve Board.
欧洲式期权	European Option	An option that can only be exercised at the end of its life.
欧洲银行	Eurobank	A financial institution that readily accepts foreign currency denominated deposits and makes foreign currency loans.
欧洲债券	Eurobond	A bond that is denominated in a currency other than that of the country in which it is issued.
欧洲债券结算系统	Euroclear	One of two principal clearing houses for securities traded in the Euromarkets.
偶然事故	Contingency	An economic event, usually negative, that is in the process of occurring and, therefore, has not yet been resolved.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:43

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
拍卖市场	Auction Market	A market in which buyers enter competitive bids and sellers enter competitive offers at the same time.
派发、分配	Distribution	A company's payment of cash, stock, or physical products to their shareholders.
派发实物	Distribution in Kind	A distribution made in the form of stock rather than cash.
派息比率	Payout Ratio	The percentage of earnings paid out in dividends. It is calculated by dividing dividends per share by earnings per share.
抛售	Sell-Off	The rapid selling of securities, such as stocks, bonds, and commodities
赔偿	Indemnity	A contractual agreement made between different parties to compensate for any damages or losses.
赔偿保证书	Letter of Indemnity	A letter guaranteeing that contractual provisions will be met, otherwise financial reparations will be made.
配额、限额	Quota	In the context of international trade, this is a limit put on the amount of a specific good that can be imported.
配股	Allotment	During an IPO, this is the number of shares granted to each participating underwriting firm that they are permitted to sell. Remaining surpluses are then given to other firms which have won the bid for the right to sell the IPO.
批发银行	Wholesale Banking	Banking services between merchant banks and other financial institutions.
偏离	Divergence	Occurs when the trend of a security's price does not correspond with the trend of an indicator.
票据	Note	A debt security, usually maturing in one to ten years.
票面金额	Denomination	The stated value found on financial instruments.
票面值	Par Value	The face value of a bond.
平仓	Close Position	Getting out of a position in a particular stock or security.
平衡基金	Balanced Fund	A mutual fund that invests its assets in the money market, bonds, preferred stock, and common stock in an attempt to provide both growth and income.
平衡投资策略	Balanced Investment Strategy	A portfolio allocation and management method aimed at balancing risk and return.
平价	Parity	A situation in an exchange market where all brokers bidding for the same security have equal standing due to identical bids.
平均价格	Average Price	A bond's average price is calculated by adding its face value to the price paid for it and dividing the sum by two. Average price is also sometimes known as Net Asset Value (NAV) for mutual funds.
平均价格出售期权	Average Price Put	A type of option where the payoff is either zero or the amount by which the strike price exceeds the average price of the asset.
平均价格买入期权权	Average Price Call	A type of option where the payoff is either zero or the amount by which the average price of the asset exceeds the strike.
平均年度回报率	Average Annual Return	A figure used when reporting the historical return of a mutual fund. The AAR is stated after expenses have been tallied, including administration fees, 12b-1 fees, and others.
平均年度增长率	Average Annual Growth Rate	The average increase in the value of a portfolio over the period of a year.
平均时期	Average Life	An estimate of the number of terms to maturity, taking the possibility of early payments into account. Average life is calculated using the weighted average time to the receipt of all future cash flows.
平均值	Mean	The simple mathematical average of a two or more numbers.
平稳期	Basing	A period in which a stock price has very little or no trend resulting in a flat price pattern.
评估后价值	Assessed Value	The estimated value of real estate that is used for tax purposes.
评级	Rating	An evaluation of a corporate or municipal bond's relative safety from an investment standpoint. Basically, it scrutinizes the issuer's ability to repay principal and make interest payments. An analyst's recommendation on whether to buy, sell, or hold a specific stock.
评级机构	Rating Agency	A company, such as Moody's or Standard & Poor's, that rates various debt and preferred stock issues for safety of payment of principal, interest, or dividends
凭票即付形式，无记名形式	Bearer Form	A security not registered in the issuing corporation's books but is payable to its bearer (the person possessing it).
破产	Bankruptcy	When a person or firm is unable to repay debts. Thus, the ownership of the firm's assets are transferred from the stockholders to the bondholders.
破产风险	Bankruptcy Risk	The ever present risk that a firm will be unable to meet its debt obligations. Often referred to as default or insolvency risk.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:44

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
72定律	Rule of 72	A rule stating that in order to find the number of years required to double your money at a given interest rate, you divide the compound return into 72. The result is the approximate number of years that it will take for your investment to double.
七大工业国	G-7	Seven of the world's leading countries that meet periodically to achieve a cooperative effort on international economic and monetary issues.
七大工业国	Group of Seven (G-7)	Seven of the world's leading countries that meet periodically to achieve a cooperative effort on international economic and monetary issues.
期初库存	Beginning Inventory	The book value of goods, inputs, or materials available for use or sale at the beginning of an inventory accounting period.
期货	Futures	A financial contract that encompasses the sale of financial instruments or physical commodities for future delivery, usually on a commodity exchange. Futures contracts try to "bet" what the value of an index or commodity will be at some date in the future.
期货合约	Futures Contract	An exchange traded agreement to buy or sell a particular type and grade of commodity for delivery at an agreed upon place and time in the future. Futures contracts are transferable between parties.
期货利率协议	Future Rate Agreement (FRA)	A forward contract that determines an interest rate to be paid or received on an obligation beginning at a start date sometime in the future.
期货市场	Futures Market	An auction market in which participants buy and sell commodity/future contracts for delivery on a specified future date. Trading is carried on through open yelling and hand signals in a trading pit.
期末库存	Ending Inventory	A book value of goods, inputs, or materials available for use or sale at the end of an inventory accounting period.
期末一次性偿还贷款	Bullet Loan	Any loan that requires a balloon payment at the end of the term and anticipates that the loan will be refinanced in order to meet the balloon payment obligation.
期末一次性偿还债券	Bullet Bond	A regular coupon paying debt instrument with a single repayment of principal on the maturity date.
期权	Option	A privilege sold by one party to another that offers the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call) or sell (put) a security at an agreed-upon price during a certain period of time or on a specific date.
期限	Duration	The measure of the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security to an interest rate change of 100 basis points. Calculation is based on the weighted average of the present values for all cash flows.
期限	Maturity	The length of time until the principal amount of a bond must be repaid. The end of the life of a security.
期限	Tenor	The term or life of a contract.
其他长期负债	Other Long Term Liabilities	A balance sheet item that would include items such as remaining leases, future employee benefits, deferred taxes, and other obligations that do not currently require interest payments.
其他流动负债	Other Current Liabilities	A balance sheet entry used by companies to group together current liabilities that are not assigned to common liabilities such as debt obligations or accounts payable.
其他流动资产	Other Current Assets	A balance sheet item that includes the value of non-cash assets like prepaid expenses and accounts receivable due within one year.
企业倍数	Enterprise Multiple	A ratio used to determine the value of a company. The enterprise-multiple looks at a firm as a potential acquirer would, because it takes debt into account - an item which other multiples like the P/E ratio do not include. Enterprise Value ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ EBITDA
企业重组	Reorganization	A process designed to revive a financially troubled or bankrupt firm. A reorganization involves the restatement of assets and liabilities, and communication with creditors in order to make arrangements for maintaining repayment.
企业价值	EV	A measure of a company's value. Calculated as market capitalization plus debt & preferred shares, minus cash & cash equivalents.
企业价值	Enterprise Value	A measure of a company's value. Calculated as market capitalization plus debt & preferred shares, minus cash & cash equivalents.
企业价值/EBITDA(企业倍数	EV/EBITDA	A ratio used to determine the value of a company. The enterprise-multiple looks at a firm as a potential acquirer would, because it takes debt into account - an item which other multiples like the P/E ratio do not include. Enterprise Value ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ EBITDA
企业融资	Corporate Finance	Any financial or monetary activity that deals with a company and its money.
企业债券	Corporate Bond	A debt security issued by a corporation.
企业治理	Corporate Governance	The relationship between all the stakeholders in a company. This includes the shareholders, directors, and management of a company, as defined by the corporate charter, bylaws, formal policy, and rule of law.
企业自我竞争	Corporate Cannibalism	An act of self-infringement upon market share by corporations through the issuance of new products. Also known as "market cannibalization."
企业自由现金流	Free Cash Flow for the Firm (FCFF)	A firm's operating income less expenses, taxes, and changes in net working capital and investments.
气球型期权	Balloon Option	An option for which the notional payments increase significantly after a set threshold is broken.
气球型期限	Balloon Maturity	A repayment schedule for a bond issue where a large number of the bonds come due at a one time (normally at the final maturity date). A final loan payment that is considerably higher than prior payments.
汽车销售额	Auto Sales	The major producers of domestic automobiles report sales monthly. These numbers are seasonally adjusted by the U.S. Department of Commerce and are available to the public one to five business days after the end of each month.
契约	Covenant	A promise in an indenture, or any other formal debt agreement, that certain activities will or will not be carried out.
契约	Indenture	A contract between an issuer of bonds and the bondholder stating the time period for re-payment, amount of interest paid, if the bond is convertible (and if so, at what price or what ratio), and the amount of money that is to be re-paid.
前向整合	Forward Integration	A form of vertical integration that involves expanding a business so it directly distributes its products.
强制买回保障	Hard Call Protection	The period during the life of a callable bond where early redemption by the company is not permitted.
强制转换	Forced Conversion	When the issuer of a convertible security exercises their right to call the issue. This forces the investor to convert their security into the predetermined number of shares.
清算、清理	Liquidation	When a business or firm is terminated or bankrupt, its assets are sold and the proceeds pay creditors. Any leftovers are distributed to shareholders.
全民生产总值	GNP	An economic statistic which includes GDP plus any income earned by residents from their overseas investments, minus income earned within the domestic economy by overseas residents.
全民生产总值	Gross National Product (GNP)	An economic statistic which includes GDP plus any income earned by residents from their overseas investments, minus income earned within the domestic economy by overseas residents.
全球存托凭证	GDR	A bank certificate issued in more than one country for shares in a foreign company. The shares are held by a foreign branch of an international branch. The shares trade as domestic shares, but are offered for sale globally through the various bank branches. A financial instrument used by private markets to raise capital denominated in either U.S. dollars or Euros.
全球存托凭证	Global Depository Receipt (GDR)	A bank certificate issued in more than one country for shares in a foreign company. The shares are held by a foreign branch of an international branch. The shares trade as domestic shares, but are offered for sale globally through the various bank branches. A financial instrument used by private markets to raise capital denominated in either U.S. dollars or Euros.
全球宏观策略	Global Macro Strategy	A hedge fund strategy that involves holding long and short positions in various equity, fixed income, currency, and futures markets. The holdings are based primarily on overall economic (and political) views of various countries (macroeconomic principles).
全球基金	Global Fund	A mutual fund that can invest in companies located anywhere in the world, including your own country.
全球投资表现标准	Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS)	Ethical standards to be used by investment managers for creating performance presentations that ensure fair representation and full disclosure of investment performance results.
全球一体化	Globalization	The tendency of world investment and business to move from national and domestic markets to a worldwide environment.
全球债券	Global Bond	Bonds that can be offered within the euromarket and several other markets simultaneously.
全球注册股票	Global Registered Share	A share issued and registered in multiple markets around the world.
全权委托指令	Discretionary Order	An order giving a broker the ability to decide when to buy/sell securities at the best possible price for the customer. Some discretionary orders place restrictive terms to limit the amount of discretion the broker has.
全新投资项目	Greenfield Investment	When a company or government invests money to construct a project in basic components.
权益方	Stakeholder	One who has a share or an interest, as in an enterprise.
权益会计法	Equity Accounting	A method of accounting whereby a corporation will document a portion of the undistributed profits for an affiliated company that they own a position in.
全资拥有子公司	Wholly Owned Subsidiary	A subsidiary whose parent company owns 100% of its common stock.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:44

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
热门发行	Hot Issue	An issue that sells at a premium over the public offering price on the first day of trading.
热钱	Hot Money	Money that flows regularly between financial markets in search for the highest short term interest rates possible.
认购不足	Undersubscribed	When the demand for a new issue of securities (IPO) is less than the number of shares issued. This is sometimes referred to as an underbooking.
认股权证	Warrant	A derivative security that gives the holder the right to purchase securities (usually equity) from the issuer at a specific price within a certain time frame.
认股权证比重	Warrant Coverage	An agreement between a company and its shareholders whereby the company issues warrants equal to some percentage of the dollar amount of the shareholder's investment.
认股权证溢价	Warrant Premium	The premium paid for the rights associated with a warrant.
人寿保险	Life Insurance	A protection against the lost income that would result if the insured were to pass away. The named beneficiary receives the proceeds and is thereby safeguarded from financial impacts of the death of the insured.
日经指数	Nikkei	The leading and most respected index of Japanese stocks.
日历年	Calendar Year	The year that begins January 1 and ends December 31
融资资本充实	Leveraged Recapitalization	A strategy where a company takes on significant additional debt with the purpose of either paying a large dividend or repurchasing shares. The result is a far more financially leveraged company.
融资租赁	Leveraged Lease	A lease agreement wherein the lessor, by borrowing funds from a lending institution, finances the purchase of the asset being leased.
软货币	Soft Currency	Another name for "weak currency," there is very little demand for this type of currency and values often fluctuate.
软贷款	Soft Loan	A loan with a below-market rate of interest. Loans made by multinational development banks and the World Bank to developing countries. Typically, soft loans have extended grace periods in which only interest or service charges are due, in addition to offering longer amortization schedules and lower interest rates than conventional bank loans.
软商品	Soft Commodity	Used to describe commodities such as coffee, cocoa, sugar and fruit. This term generally refers to commodities that are grown, rather than mined.
软通货、纸币	Soft Money	Government and organizations refer to this as 'one time' funding for a project or special purpose. Describes paper currency, as opposed to gold, silver, or some other coined metal.
软着陆	Soft Landing	A term used to describe a rate of economic growth high enough to avoid recession, but slow enough to avoid high inflation.
Russell 2000指数	Russell 2000 Index	An index that measures the performance of the 2,000 smallest companies in the Russell 3000 Index. The Russell 2000 serves as a benchmark for small-cap stocks.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:45

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
鲨变监察者	Shark Watcher	A firm specializing in the early detection of takeovers. The firm's primary business is usually the solicitation of proxies for client corporations.
瞻养比率	Dependency Ratio	A ratio indicating the number of dependents (aged 0-14 and over the age of 65) to the total population (aged 15-64). The total dependency ratio is calculated by the (number of dependents/population aged 15-64) x 100%.
瞻养比率	Total Dependency Ratio	A ratio indicating the number of dependents (aged 0-14 and over the age of 65) to the total population (aged 15-64). The total dependency ratio is calculated by the (number of dependents/population aged 15-64) x 100%.
商业对商业(B2B)	Business to Business (B2B)	Business conducted between companies, rather than between a company and individual consumers.
商业	Commercial	A term used to refer to any party or organization involved in producing, transporting, or merchandising a commodity.
商业银行	Commercial Bank	A financial institution that provides services such as a accepting deposits and giving business loans.
商业抵押作担保的证券	Commercial Mortgage Backed Security (CMBS)	Similar to a Mortgage Backed Security, but secured by loans with commercial instead of residential property.
商业票据	Commercial Paper	An unsecured, short-term loan issued by a corporation, typically for financing accounts receivable and inventories. It is usually issued at a discount reflecting prevailing market interest rates.
商品	Commodity	Any bulk good traded on an exchange or in the cash market.
商品期货交易委员会	Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)	A U.S. federal agency established by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974. It ensures the open and efficient operation of the futures markets. There are five futures markets commissioners who are appointed by the president (subject to Senate approval).
商誉	Goodwill	The excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of an asset. Accountants record this as a "write off" in the financial report.
商人银行	Merchant Bank	A bank which deals mostly in (but is not limited to) international finance, long term loans to companies, and underwriting. Merchant banks do not provide normal banking services to the general public.
上市证券	Listed Security	Securities that have been accepted for trading purposes by a recognized and regulated exchange.
上市公司	Public Company	A company that has issued securities through an offering which are now traded on the open market.
少数权益	Minority Interest	A significant, but non-controlling, outside ownership interest in a company/subsidiary that is consolidated with the parent for financial reporting purposes
涉漏消息	Leakage	A release of information to certain people before the official public announcement.
申报不足	Under Reporting	An illegal practice where a person under states their taxable income.
审计	Audit	An unbiased examination and evaluation of the financial statements of an organization. It can be done internally (by employees of the organization) or externally (by an outside firm).
审计师报告	Auditor's Report	Recorded in the annual report, it tests to see that corporation's financial statements comply with GAAP.
升值	Appreciation	The increase in value of an asset.
生产毛利率	GPM	The difference between the cost of a raw commodity and the income it generates once sold as a finished product.
生产毛利率	Gross Processing Margin (GPM)	The difference between the cost of a raw commodity and the income it generates once sold as a finished product.
生产价格指数	Producer Price Index (PPI)	A family of indexes that measures the average change over time in selling prices received by domestic producers of goods and services. PPIs measure price change from the perspective of the seller.
生产力	Productivity	A measure of the amount of output per unit of input.
石油输出国组织、欧佩克	OPEC	An intergovernmental organization dedicated to the stability and prosperity of the petroleum market. OPEC membership is open to any country that is a substantial exporter of oil and shares the ideals of the organization.
石油输出国组织、欧佩克	Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)	An intergovernmental organization dedicated to the stability and prosperity of the petroleum market. OPEC membership is open to any country that is a substantial exporter of oil and shares the ideals of the organization.
时间加权回报率	Time-Weighted Rate of Return	A measure of the compound rate of growth in a portfolio. Because this method eliminates the distorting effects created by inflows of new money, it is used to compare the returns of investment managers. When calculating, the effect of varying cash inflows is eliminated by assuming a single investment at the beginning of a period and measuring the growth or loss of market value to the end of that period.
实际回报	Actual Return	The actual gain or loss of an investor. This can be expressed in the following formula: expected return (ex-ante) plus the effect of firm-specific and economy-wide news.
实付开支	Out of Pocket Expenses	An expense that an individual incurs for either business or personal usage. These expenses are tax deductible.
实物支付债券	Payment in Kind Bond (PIK)	A type of bond that pays interest in additional bonds, as opposed to cash payouts.
实际资产	Real Asset	Physical or identifiable assets such as gold, land, equipment, patents, etc. They are the opposite of a financial asset.
实际利率	Real Interest Rate	The excess of the interest rate over the inflation rate. The real rate of interest is approximately calculated by taking the nominal interest rate and subtracting inflation.
实际回报率	Real Rate of Return	The annual percentage return realized on an investment adjusted for changes in the price level due to inflation or deflation.
实现损失	Realized Loss	A loss recognized when assets are sold for a price lower than the original purchase price
实现利润	Realized Profit	A gain realized upon liquidation of assets that results from receiving a price higher than the original purchase price.
18定律	Rule of 18	A rule whereby the sum of the inflation rate and the P/E ratio of the Dow Jones Industrial Average is an indicator of the direction of the stock market. If the total is above 18, stocks are supposed to decrease. If the total is under 18, then the stock market is expected to increase.
使用权税、专利权税	Royalty	A payment to an owner for the use of property, especially patents, copyrighted works, franchises, or natural resources.
世界贸易组织	WTO	An international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible.
世界贸易组织	World Trade Organization (WTO)	An international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible.
市场泡沫	Bubble	A speculative market or stock in which the values rise very rapidly and then fall sharply.
市场	Market	Typically refers to the equity market where stocks are traded, but can also refer to the bond, options, or commodity market. People with the desire and ability to buy a specific product.
市场套利	Market Arbitrage	Purchasing and selling the same security at the same time in different markets to take advantage of a price difference between the two separate markets.
市价订单	Market Order	An order to buy or sell a stock immediately at the best available current price. A market order guarantees execution.
市场风险	Market Risk	The day to day potential for an investor to experience losses from fluctuations in securities prices.
市场风险溢价	Market Risk Premium	The difference between the expected return on a market portfolio and the risk-free rate.
市场细分	Market Segmentation	A marketing term describing the aggregating of prospective buyers into groups (segments) that have common needs and will respond similarly to a marketing action
市场情绪	Market Sentiment	The feeling or tone of a market. It is shown by the activity and price movement of the securities.
市场价值	Market Value	The current quoted price at which investors buy or sell a share of common stock or a bond at a given time. Sometimes referred to as total market value, the market capitalization plus the market value of debt.
市场增值	Market Value Added (MVA)	The difference between the market value of a company (both equity and debt) and the capital contributed by investors.
市政债券	Municipal Bond	A debt security issued by a state, municipality, or county, in order to finance its capital expenditures. Municipal bonds are exempt from federal taxes and from most state and local taxes, especially if you live in the state the bond is issued.
市政债券基金	Municipal Bond Fund	A mutual fund that invests in municipal bonds, operating either as an investment trust or as an open-end fund.
市政可转换证券	Municipal Convertible	A zero-coupon municipal bond that can be converted into an interest-bearing bond under certain circumstances.
市盈率	P/E Ratio	valuation ratio of a company's current share price compared to its per-share earnings. Calculated as: Market Value per Share ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Earnings per Share (EPS) EPS is usually from the last four quarters (trailing P/E), but sometimes can be taken from the estimates of earnings expected in the next four quarters (projected or forward P/E). A third variation is the sum of the last two actual quarters and the estimates of the next two quarters. '
市盈率与增长比率	PEG Ratio	A ratio used to determine a stock's value while taking into account earnings growth. The calculation is as follows: Price/Earnings Ratio ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Annual EPS Growth
市盈率	Price-Earnings Ratio	valuation ratio of a company's current share price compared to its per-share earnings. Calculated as: Market Value per Share ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Earnings per Share (EPS) EPS is usually from the last four quarters (trailing P/E), but sometimes can be taken from the estimates of earnings expected in the next four quarters (projected or forward P/E). A third variation is the sum of the last two actual quarters and the estimates of the next two quarters. '
市盈率与增长比率	PEG Ratio	A ratio used to determine a stock's value while taking into account earnings growth. The calculation is as follows: Price/Earnings Ratio ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Annual EPS Growth
市盈率与增长及股息比率	PEGY Ratio	A variation of the PEG ratio where a stock's P/E ratio is divided by its projected earnings growth rate and dividend yield.
收购	Acquisition	When one company purchases a majority interest in the acquired.
收购溢价	Acquisition Premium	The difference between the actual cost for acquiring a target firm versus the estimate made of its value before the acquisition.
收盘后交易	After Hours Trading	Trading after regular trading hours on the major exchanges.
收盘铃后	After The Bell	After the close of the stock market.
收支平衡点	Break Even Point (BEP)	The point at which gains equal losses. Or, the market price that a stock must reach for option buyers to avoid a loss if they exercise. For a call, it is the strike price plus the premium paid. For a put, it is the strike price minus the premium paid.
收购	Buyout	The purchase of a company or a controlling interest of a corporation's shares. A leveraged buyout is accomplished with borrowed money or by issuing more stock.
收盘、交易结束	Closing	The end of a trading session. The closing price is what's quoted in the newspaper. The final procedure in a home sale, documents are signed and recorded. This is the time when the property ownership is transferred.
收盘铃	Closing Bell	A bell that rings to signify the end of a trading session.
收益	Gain	An increase in the value of an asset or property. The gain is measured as the amount of capital from the sale of a good realized in excess of the original purchase price.
收入	Income	Money received by a person or organization because of effort (work) or from return on investments.
收益基金	Income Fund	A mutual fund that seeks to provide stable current income by investing in securities that pay interest or dividends.
收益股票	Income Stock	Stocks with a history of regular dividend payments that contribute to the largest portion of the stock's overall return.
收入回报率	Return On Revenue (ROR)	A measure of a corporation's profitability, calculated as net income divided by revenue. Net Income ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Revenue
收购	Takeover	When an acquiring company makes a bid for an acquiree. If the target company is publicly traded, the acquiring company will make an offer for the outstanding shares.
收益率	Yield	A measure of the income generated by a bond, it is calculated as the amount of interest paid on a bond divided by the price. The rate of return on an investment, usually expressed as an annual percentage rate.
首席行政官	CEO	This is the senior manager who is responsible for overseeing the activities of an entire company.
首席财务官	CFO	This is the senior manager who is responsible for overseeing the financial activities of an entire company. This includes signing checks, monitoring cash flow, and financial planning.
首席营运官	COO	This is the senior manager whose responsibility it is to manage the day-to-day operations of the company and then report this to the CEO.
首席行政官	Chief Executive Officer	This is the senior manager who is responsible for overseeing the activities of an entire company.
首席财务官	Chief Financial Officer	This is the senior manager who is responsible for overseeing the financial activities of an entire company. This includes signing checks, monitoring cash flow, and financial planning.
首席营运官	Chief Operating Officer	This is the senior manager whose responsibility it is to manage the day-to-day operations of the company and then report this to the CEO.
首次公开上市	IPO	The first sale of stock by a private company to the public. IPOs are often smaller, younger companies seeking capital to expand their business.
首期保证金	Initial Margin	The percentage of the purchase price of securities that can be purchased on margin.
首次公开上市	Initial Public Offering (IPO)	The first sale of stock by a private company to the public. IPOs are often smaller, younger companies seeking capital to expand their business.
首次公开上市锁定期、禁售期	IPO Lock-up	A legally binding contract between the underwriters and insiders of the company undergoing an initial public offering (IPO). The contract prevents them from selling any shares of stock for a specified period of time.
寿司债券	Sushi Bond	A Eurobond that is issued by a Japanese issuer and does not count against a Japanese institution's limits on the holdings of foreign securities.
受扶养人士	Dependent	A person who relies on someone else for financial support. The taxpayer supporting the dependent is allowed to claim dependency exemptions.
售出清理	Sell-Out	When a broker or investor buying stocks has failed to settle the trade in a timely matter and, consequently, the broker can forcibly sell the securities on the investors behalf.
授权股份	Authorized Stock	The maximum number of shares that a corporation is legally permitted to issue under its articles of incorporation. This figure is usually listed in the capital accounts section of the balance sheet.
受益者	Beneficial Owner	A person or firm that benefits from owning an asset even though they are not registered as a shareholder.
受益方	Beneficiary	A person or entity named in a will or financial contract to be an inheritor of someone's property when the property owner dies.
受托人	Fiduciary	A person legally appointed and authorized to hold assets in trust for another person. The fiduciary manages the assets for the benefit of the other person rather than for his/her own profits.
受损的资产	Impaired Asset	An asset with a market value that is worth less than its book value.
受损的信贷	Impaired Credit	The deterioration of a borrower's credit rating.
授权书	Power of Attorney	Giving someone the ability to act on your behalf in specific instances
受监管投资公司	Regulated Investment Company (RIC)	A mutual fund or real estate investment trust that is eligible to pass the taxes on capital gains, dividends, or interest payments onto the clients or individual investors.
受托人	Trustee	An individual who holds or manages assets for the benefit of another.
赎回	Redemption	The return of an investor's principal in a security, such as a stock, bond, or mutual fund.
数据探索	Data Mining	A type of database application that looks for hidden patterns in large groups of data.
双重收费	Double Dipping	For brokerage firms, when a broker puts commissioned products into a fee-based account. The broker makes money from both the client and the commission.
双谷经济衰退	Double Dip Recession	When the gross domestic product (GDP) growth slides back to negative after a quarter or two of brief positive growth. In other words, a recession followed by a short-lived recovery, followed by another recession.
双重征税	Double Taxing	A tax law that results in the same earnings being subjected to taxation twice. A company's income is taxed initially and then the shareholders and investors are taxed on the distributions they receive from the company.
双头垄断	Duopoly	A situation in which two companies own all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service.
水平价差	Horizontal Spread	An options strategy involving the simultaneous purchase and sale of two options of the same type, having the same strike price, but different expiration dates.
税后营运收入	After Tax Operating Income - ATOI	A company's total operating income after taxes. Calculated by deducting taxes from total operating income.
税后利润率	After Tax Profit Margin	The ratio calculated by taking net income after taxes and dividing it by net sales.
税后现金流	Cash Flow After Taxes	A company's cash flow after taxes is derived by taking the net income and removing charges for taxes and depreciation.
税前盈利	EBT	An indicator of a company's financial performance calculated as: Revenue - Expenses (excluding tax)
税后净营运利润	Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT)	A company's potential cash earnings if its capitalization was unleveraged (that is, if it had no debt). NOPAT is frequently used in economic value added (EVA) calculations. Calculated as: NOPAT = operating income x (1 - Tax rate)
税务调整净营运利润	Net Operating Profit Less Adjusted Taxes (NOPLAT)	Total operating profits for a firm with adjustments made for taxes.
税盾	Tax Shield	The reduction in income taxes that results from taking an allowable deduction from taxable income.
私人银行	Private Banking	Beyond just providing credit or managing investments, private banking addresses your entire financial situation. Services include everything from protecting and growing your assets in the present, to planning retirement and passing wealth on to future generations.
私人公司	Private Company	A company whose ownership is private and, thus, do not need to meet the strict SEC filing requirements of public companies.
私人股本	Private Equity	When equity capital is made available to companies or investors, but not quoted on a stock market. The funds raised through private equity can be used to develop new products and technologies, to expand working capital, to make acquisitions, or to strengthen a company抯 balance sheet.
私人投资公开股票	Private Investment, Public Equity (PIPE)	This is when a private investment or mutual fund buys common stock for a company at a discount to the current market value per share.
私募	Private Placement	Raising of capital via private rather than public placement. The result is the sale of securities to a relatively small number of investors.
速动资产	Quick Assets	Assets that can be easily be converted into cash or are already in cash form. It is calculated as current assets minus inventories.
速动比率	Quick Ratio	An indicator of a company's financial strength. It is calculated by subtracting inventories from current assets, then dividing by current liabilities. This is also known as the Acid Test.
酸性测试比率	Acid Test	A stringent test that indicates if a firm has enough short-term assets to cover its immediate liabilities, without selling inventory. (Cash+Accounts Receivable+ Short-term Investments) ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Current Liabilities
损益表	Income Statement	Part of a company's financial statements summarizing revenues and expenses during a specific period of time. Also known as the profit and loss statement.
缩小规模	Downsize	Reducing the size of a company by eliminating workers and/or divisions within the company.
所有出价	Any and All Bid	A bid made to purchase all stock being offered at a specific price.
所得税	Income Tax	A tax on any money earned during a fiscal year, usually filed on a yearly basis. All businesses except partnerships must file an annual income tax return. Partnerships file an information return.
锁定协议	Lock-up Agreement	A legally binding contract between the underwriters and insiders of the company prohibits them from selling any shares of stock for a certain specified period of time.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:46

T

中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
Tombstone	Tombstone	A situation in which one participant's gains result only from another participant's equivalent losses. The net change is always 0.
摊薄后每股盈利	Diluted Earnings Per Share	The earnings per share (EPS) if all convertible securities were exercised.
摊薄、减损	Dilution	A reduction in earnings per share of common stock. Dilution occurs through the issuance of additional shares of common stock or the conversion of convertible securities.
摊销	Amortization	The paying off of debt in regular installments over a period of time. The deduction of capital expenses over a specific period of time. Similar to depreciation, it is a method of measuring the "consumption" of the value of long-term assets like equipment or buildings.
弹性	Elasticity	A measure of sensitivity of one variable to another. More specifically, the degree to which consumers respond to price changes. % Change in Quantity ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ % Change in Price
套汇	Arbitrage	The simultaneous purchase and selling of a security in order to profit from a differential in the price. This usually takes place on different exchanges or marketplaces.?
套汇定价理论	Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT)	An alternative to the CAPM, APT differs in its assumptions and explanation of risk factors associated with the risk of an asset.
套汇交易理论	Arbitrage Trading Program (ATP)	A program used to simultaneously place orders for stock index futures and the underlying stocks. The ATP attempts to exploit price variations (Market Arbitrage).
套汇交易理论	ATP	A program used to simultaneously place orders for stock index futures and the underlying stocks. The ATP attempts to exploit price variations (Market Arbitrage).
套汇债券	Arbitrage Bond	A lower-rate debt security issued by a municipality prior to the call date of the municipality's existing higher-rate security.
套现、货币化	Monetize	To convert into money. To convert from securities into currency that can be used to purchase goods and services.
特殊风险	Specific Risk	Risk that affects a very small number of assets. This is sometimes referred to as "unsystematic risk."
特殊功能公司	SPV	Also referred to as a "bankruptcy-remote entity" whose operations are limited to the acquisition and financing of specific assets. The SPV is usually a subsidiary company with an asset/liability structure and legal status that makes its obligations secure even if the parent company goes bankrupt. A subsidiary corporation designed to serve as a counterparty for swaps and other credit sensitive derivative instruments. Also called a "derivatives product company."
特殊功能公司	Special Purpose Vehicle	Also referred to as a "bankruptcy-remote entity" whose operations are limited to the acquisition and financing of specific assets. The SPV is usually a subsidiary company with an asset/liability structure and legal status that makes its obligations secure even if the parent company goes bankrupt. A subsidiary corporation designed to serve as a counterparty for swaps and other credit sensitive derivative instruments. Also called a "derivatives product company."
特殊项目	Exceptional Item	Charges incurred that must be noted upon a company's balance sheet according to GAAP principles. Even though these are considered to be a part of ordinary business charges, due to their sheer size or frequency, they must be accordingly disclosed.
特许协议	Concession Agreement	A right granted by a government to a corporation. It specifies rules under which the company can operate locally.
提高平均价格	Average Up	The process of buying additional shares in a company at higher prices than you originally purchased. This brings the average price you've paid for all your shares up.
天使投资者	Angel Investor	A financial backer providing venture capital funds for small startups or entrepreneurs.
天灾债券	Act of God Bond	A bond issued by an insurance company, linking principal and interest to the company's losses due to natural disasters.
条例A	Regulation A	An SEC regulation that governs offerings of $5,000,000 or less, which qualify for simplified registration (an exemption).
条例D	Regulation D	An SEC regulation that governs private placement exemption when there is no investment banker involved.
条例FD	Regulation FD (Reg FD)	A rule passed by the Securities and Exchange Commission in an effort to prevent selective disclosure by public companies to market professionals and certain shareholders. The Reg FD rule reads as follows: "Whenever an issuer, or any person acting on its behalf, discloses any material nonpublic information regarding that issuer or its securities to [certain enumerated persons], the issuer shall make public disclosure of that information... simultaneously, in the case of an intentional disclosure; and... promptly, in the case of a non-intentional disclosure."
条例G	Regulation G	The Federal Reserve Board regulation that governs the extension of credit for securities transactions by commercial lenders and non-financial corporations.
条例M	Regulation M	An IRS regulation that allows regulated investment companies to pass taxes from capital gains, dividends, and interest distributions onto individual investors.
条例Q	Regulation Q	A Federal Reserve Board regulation that limits the interest rate banks can pay on savings deposits.
条例T	Regulation T	The Federal Reserve Board regulation that governs customer cash accounts and the amount of credit that brokerage firms and dealers may extend to customers for the purchase of securities.
条款书	Term Sheet	A non-binding agreement setting forth the basic terms and conditions under which an investment will be made.
条例U	Regulation U	The Federal Reserve Board regulation that governs loans by banks for the purchase of securities.
贴现窗	Discount Window	The location at the Federal Reserve where financial institutions go to borrow money at the discount rate.
贴现率、折让率	Discount Rate	The interest rate that an eligible depository institution is charged to borrow short term funds directly from a Federal Reserve Bank. The interest rate used in determining the present value of future cash flows.
贴现票据、折扣票据	Discount Note	An unsecured corporate debt that is issued at a discount and matures at par. It is similar to a zero coupon bond or T-bill. Discount notes give institutional and retail investors convenient choices with respect to the investment size and maturity date for a short-term investment.
贴现现金流	Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)	A method used to estimate the attractiveness of an investment opportunity.
贴现债券、折扣债券	Discount Bond	A bond that is valued at less than its face amount.
通货萎缩	Deflation	The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is falling. The opposite of inflation.
通货复涨、通货在膨胀	Reflation	An economic policy whereby a government uses fiscal or monetary stimulus in order to expand a country's output.
通用会计制度	GAAP	The common set of accounting principles, standards, and procedures. GAAP is a combination of authoritative standards (set by policy boards) and the accepted ways of doing accounting.
通用会计制度	Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)	The common set of accounting principles, standards, and procedures. GAAP is a combination of authoritative standards (set by policy boards) and the accepted ways of doing accounting.
同级诉讼	Class Action	An action where an individual represents a group in a court claim. The judgment from the suit is for all the members of the group (class).
投标、交换媒介	Tender	To accept a formal offer, such as a takeover bid or tender offer. Means of settlement in a financial transaction. A bid to buy treasury bills. Notice from a futures contract seller to offer money or goods for settlement of a futures contract.
投机	Speculation	The process of selecting investments with higher risk in order to profit from an anticipated price movement.
投票权	Voting Right	The right of a stockholder to vote on matters of corporate policy making as well as on who will compose the board of directors.
投票股票	Voting Shares	Shares that give the stockholder the right to vote on matters of corporate policy making as well as who will compose the members of the board of directors.
投票信托	Voting Trust	A trust legally created in order to combine the voting power of shareholders through the transference of legal title and voting rights to a designated trustee for a set duration.
投票信托协议	Voting Trust Agreement	A contractual agreement detailing the specifics of the voting trust, including the name of its trustee, the effective timeframe, and the nature of its formation.
投资	Investing	The act of committing money or capital to an endeavor (a business, project, real estate, etc.) with the expectation of obtaining an additional income or profit.
投资	Investment	An asset or item with value that is purchased for income or capital appreciation.
投资持有量	Position	The amount of a security either owned (long position) or borrowed (short position) by an individual or by a dealer.
投资的现金流回报	Cash Flow Return on Investment (CFROI)	A valuation model that assumes the stock market sets prices based on cash flow, not on corporate performance and earnings. Cash Flow ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Market Value of Capital Employed
投资等级	Investment Grade	In the case of a stock, a firm that has a strong balance sheet, considerable capitalization, and is recognized as a leader in its industry. In the case of fixed income, a bond with a rating of BBB or higher.
投资顾问	Investment Advisor	An advisor, registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, who manages the investments of others.
投资环境	Investment Climate	The general economic conditions affecting the financial markets.
投资回报率	ROI	The profit or loss resulting from an investment transaction, usually expressed as an annual percentage return.
投资回报率	Return On Investment (ROI)	The profit or loss resulting from an investment transaction, usually expressed as an annual percentage return.
投资回收期	Payback Period	The length of time required to recover the cost of an investment. Calculated as: Cost of Project ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Annual Cash Inflows All other things being equal, the better investment is the one with the shorter payback period.
投资媒体	Investment Vehicle	In general, any method by which to invest.
投资情绪指标	Sentiment Indicator	A general term used to describe indicators that gauge investor attitudes towards the market.
投资缩减	Disinvestment	Refers to the sale or liquidation of an asset or subsidiary of an organization or government. Also known as divestiture. A reduction in capital expenditure, or when a company decides to not replace depleted capital goods.
投资性房地产	Investment Real Estate	Real estate that generates income.
投资银行	IB (Investment Bank)	A financial intermediary that performs a variety of services. This includes underwriting, acting as an intermediary between an issuer of securities and the investing public, facilitating mergers and other corporate reorganizations, and also acting as a broker for institutional clients.
投资银行	Investment Bank	A financial intermediary that performs a variety of services. This includes underwriting, acting as an intermediary between an issuer of securities and the investing public, facilitating mergers and other corporate reorganizations, and also acting as a broker for institutional clients.
投资银行家	Investment Banker	A person representing a financial institution that is in the business of raising capital for corporations and municipalities.
投资者关系部	Investor Relations	A department, present in most medium to large public companies, that provides investors with an accurate account of the affairs of the company. This helps investors to make informed buy or sell decisions.
投资者关系部	IR	A department, present in most medium to large public companies, that provides investors with an accurate account of the affairs of the company. This helps investors to make informed buy or sell decisions.
投资资金回报率	ROIC	A calculation used to determine the quality of a company. The general definition for ROIC is as follows: Net Income - Dividends ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Total Capital
投资资金回报率	Return On Investment Capital (ROIC)	A calculation used to determine the quality of a company. The general definition for ROIC is as follows: Net Income - Dividends ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Total Capital
投资组合保险	Portfolio Insurance	A method of hedging a portfolio of stocks against the market risk by short selling stock index futures.
投资组合管理	Portfolio Management	The art and science of making decisions about: investment mix and policy, matching investments to objectives, asset allocation for individuals and institutions, and balancing risk vs. performance.
投资组合经理	Portfolio Manager	The person responsible for the investment of a mutual fund's assets, implementing its investment strategy, and managing the day-to-day portfolio trading.
投资组合收入	Portfolio Income	Income from investments, including dividends, interest, royalties, and capital gains.
透支	Overdraft	An instant extension of credit from a lending institution.
退出投资策略	Exit Strategy	The method that a venture capitalist or business owner intends to use to get out of an investment that he/she has made.
拖欠债务	Delinquent	A term describing the failure to meet required obligations according to schedule.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:47

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
外包	Outsourcing	A practice used by different companies to reduce costs by transferring portions of work to outside suppliers rather than completing it internally.
外币效应	Foreign Currency Effects	The extent to which the changes in a foreign currency affects the return on a foreign investment.
外部董事	Outside Director	Any member of a company's board of directors who is not an employee or stakeholder in the company.
外国直接投资	Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)	An investment abroad, usually where the company being invested in is controlled by the foreign corporation.
外汇	Forex	The common term for the foreign exchange market. Brokerage firms and banks are connected over an electronic network that allows them to convert the currencies of most countries.
外汇	FX	The common term for the foreign exchange market. Brokerage firms and banks are connected over an electronic network that allows them to convert the currencies of most countries.
外汇率	Exchange Rate	The price of one country's currency expressed in another country's currency. In other words, the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another.
外在价值	Extrinsic Value	The difference between the option value and the intrinsic value.
完全竞争	Perfect Competition	A market structure in which: All firms sell an identical product. All firms are price takers. All firms have a relatively small market share. Buyers know the nature of the product being sold and the prices charged by each firm. The industry is characterized by freedom of entry and exit.
网上银行	Online Banking	The performance of banking activities via the Internet.
往后定价	Back Pricing	A method used in specific futures contracts whereby the price of the commodity to be delivered is priced by the purchaser at some future date after entering into the position.
微观经济	Microeconomics	The study of the allocation of resources and the distribution of income, and how they are affected by the workings of government policies and the price system.
微型市值股票	Micro Cap Stock	Micro cap refers to a company with a market capitalization of between $50 million to $300 million.
围栏策略	Ring Fence	A strategy where an investor isolates a certain amount of money from any outside risk. It is mainly used by offshore investors.
委托人	Trustor	An individual or organization that gifts funds or assets to others by transferring fiduciary duty to a third party trustee that will maintain the assets for the benefit of the beneficiaries
委托帐户、全权管理帐户	Discretionary Account	An account that allows a broker to buy and sell securities without the client's consent.
违约风险	Default Risk	The risk that a company or individual will be unable to pay the contractual interest or principal on its debt obligations.
违约，未能履行合约	Default	The failure to promptly pay interest or principal when due. The failure to perform on a futures contract as required by an exchange.
未到价	Out of the Money	For a call, when an option's strike price is higher than the market price of the underlying stock. For a put, when the strike price is below the market price of the underlying stock.
未来价值	Future Value	The value of an asset or cash at a specified date in the future that is equivalent in value to a specified sum today. There are two ways to calculate FV: For an asset with simple annual interest: = Original Investment x (1+(interest rate*number of years)) For an asset with interest compounded annually: = Original Investment x ((1+interest rate)^number of years)
未实现收入	Unearned Revenue	When an individual or company receives money for a service or product that has yet to be fulfilled.
未实现收益	Unrealized Gain	A profit that results from holding on to an asset rather than cashing it in and using the funds
未实现损失	Unrealized Loss	A loss that results from holding on to an asset rather than cashing it in and officially taking the loss.
无抵押贷款	Unsecured Loan	A bank loan that is issued and supported only by the borrowers creditworthiness, rather than by some sort of collateral.
无抵押债权人	Unsecured Creditor	A person or institution that lends money to a company or individual without holding collateral on the property for security. This puts the creditor in a higher risk situation
无对冲黄金股票指数	BUGS Index	Short for "basket of un-hedged gold stocks," the BUGS index is the AMEX's index measuring gold companies that do not hedge their gold production beyond a year and a half.
无风险资产	Risk-Free Asset	An asset which has a certain future return. Treasuries (especially T-bills) are considered to be risk-free because they are backed by the U.S. government.
无风险回报率	Risk Free Rate of Return	The quoted rate on an asset that has virtually no risk.
无记名票据	Floater	A bond, or some other type of debt, whose coupon rate changes with market conditions (short term interest rates).
无形之手	Invisible Hand	Coined by Adam Smith in his 1776 book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. In his book he states: Essentially Smith says that individuals try to maximize their own good (and become wealthier), and by doing so, through trade and entrepreneurship, society as a whole will be better off. Furthermore, any government intervention in the economy isn't needed as the invisible hand would best guide the economy.
无形资产	Intangible Asset	An asset that is not physical in nature. E.g. goodwill
无追索权融资	Non-Recourse Finance	A loan where the lending bank is only entitled to repayment from the profits of the project the loan is funding, not from other assets of the borrower.
无追索权债务	Non-Recourse Debt	A loan that is secured by some sort of collateral, usually property. The issuer can seize the collateral if the borrower defaults.
五大工业国	G-5	Five of the world's leading countries that meet periodically to achieve a cooperative effort on international economic and monetary issues.
五大工业国	Group of Five (G-5)	Five of the world's leading countries that meet periodically to achieve a cooperative effort on international economic and monetary issues.
武士债券	Samurai Bond	A yen denominated bond that is issued in Tokyo by a non-Japanese company.
兀鹫基金	Vulture Fund	A fund that buys securities in distressed investments, such as high-yield bonds in (or near) default or equities that are in (or near) bankruptcy.
兀鹫投资者	Vulture Capitalist	A slang word for a venture capitalist who deprives an inventor of control over their own innovations and most of the money they should have made from the invention. A venture capitalist who invests in floundering firms in the hopes that they will turn around.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:48

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
息票	Coupon	The interest rate stated on a bond when it's issued. The coupon is typically paid semiannually.
稀有	Scarcity	The basic economic problem, which arises from people having unlimited wants while there are and always will be limited resources. Because of scarcity, various economic decisions must be made to allocate resources efficiently.
洗黑钱	Money Laundering	The process by which large amounts of money illegally obtained from drug trafficking, terrorist activity, or other serious crimes, is given the appearance of having originated from a legitimate source.
系统性风险	Systematic Risk	risk that influences a large number of assets.
下调评级	Downgrade	A negative change in the rating of a security.
下游	Downstream	Refers to oil and gas operations after the production phase and through to the point of sale.
先进先出	First In, First Out (FIFO)	An inventory management and valuation method where the products acquired first are the ones sold first.
先投资，后调查	Invest, Then Investigate	An investment strategy where investors immediately purchase a stock and then do research and due diligence afterwards.
闲置时间	Idle Time	Unproductive time spent by employees due to factors beyond their control.
现货	Cash Commodity	The term used to refer to the actual or physical commodity underlying a futures contract.
现货即期价格	Spot Price	The current price at which a particular commodity can be bought or sold at a specified time and place.
现货商品	Spot Commodity	A commodity traded on the spot market. That is, with the expectation of actual delivery, as opposed to a commodity future that is usually not delivered.
现货市场	Cash Market	The market for a cash commodity or actual, as opposed to its futures contract.
现货市场	Spot Market	A commodities market in which goods are sold for cash and delivered immediately. A futures transaction which will expire in 1 month or less.
现金	Cash	Legal tender or coins that can be used in exchange goods, debt, or services. Sometimes also including the value of assets that can be converted into cash immediately, as reported by a company.
现金的现金回报率	Cash on Cash Return	A rate of return often used in real estate transactions. The calculation determines "cash income" on "cash invested." Annual Dollar Income ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Total Dollar Investment
现金股息	Cash Dividend	Money paid to stockholders, normally out of the corporation's current earnings or accumulated profits. All dividends must be declared by the board of directors, and are taxable income to the recipients.
现金及现金等价物	Cash And Cash Equivalents	An element recorded on the balance sheet, it reports the value of cash and its equivalents. These are assets that are cash or can be converted into cash immediately.
现金价格	Cash Price	The price of the purchase and delivery of cash commodities.
现金流	Cash Flow	The amount of cash a company generates and uses during a period, calculated by adding noncash charges (such as depreciation) to the net income after taxes. Cash Flow can be used as an indication of a company's financial strength. It is also sometimes referred to as the "money value" of trades in a stock during a trading day
现金每股盈利	Cash EPS	A ratio derived from operating cash flow divided by diluted shares outstanding.
现金投资	Cash Investment	Short-term obligations, usually ninety days or less, that provide a return in the form of interest payments.
现金余额养老金计划	Cash Balance Pension Plan	An employee pension plan whereby an employer will credit the participant's account with a set percentage of their yearly compensation plus interest charges.
现金预算	Cash Budget	An estimation of the cash inflows and outflows for a business.
现时价格	Current Price	The "real time" price of a security trading on an exchange.
现时年期	Current Maturity	The interval between the present date and the maturity date of a bond.
现时收益率	Current Yield	Annual income (interest or dividends) divided by the current price of the security.
现值	Present Value	The amount today that a sum of money in the future is worth, given a specified rate of return.
相对实力	Relative Strength	A measure of price trend that indicates how a stock is performing relative to other stocks in its industry. It is calculated dividing the price performance of a stock by the price performance of an appropriate index for the same time period.
相对市盈率比率	Price-Earnings Relative	A stocks price-earnings ratio divided by the price-earnings ratio for a market measure, such as the S&P 500 index or Wilshire 5000.
相关证券、相关股票	Underlying	In options, the security that must be delivered if a put or call option is exercised. In equities, the common stock that underlies certain types of securities such as warrants and convertible bonds
项目融资	Project Finance	Project finance is defined by the The International Project Finance Association (IPFA) as: The financing of long-term infrastructure, industrial projects and public services based upon a non-recourse or limited recourse financial structure where project debt and equity used to finance the project are paid back from the cashflow generated by the project.
消费物价指数	CPI	A measure of price changes in consumer goods and services such as gasoline, food, and automobiles
消费物价指数	Consumer Price Index (CPI)	A measure of price changes in consumer goods and services such as gasoline, food, and automobiles
消费信贷	Consumer Credit	A debt that someone incurs for the purpose of purchasing a good or service.
消费者信心指数	Consumer Confidence Index (CCI)	A survey of consumer confidence by the Conference Board. It measures how optimistic or pessimistic consumers are with respect to the economy in the near future.
销记、注销	Write-Off	To charge an asset amount to expense or loss in order to reduce the value of that asset and one's earnings.
销售报酬	Concession	A selling group's compensation in an underwriting (on a per-share or per-bond basis).
销售额与现金流比率	Sales to Cash Flow Ratio	A ratio that indicates whether or not a company's sales are high in comparison to its cash flow. Calculated as: Sales per Share ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Cash Flow per Share
销售回报率	Return On Sales (ROS)	A widely used ratio that detects operational efficiency. It is calculated by dividing net income before interest and tax by the sales.
销售及行政开支	Selling, General, & Administrative Expenses (SG&A)	Reported on the Income Statement, it is all the costs associated with selling and the general expenses of running the business.
销售税	Sales Tax	A tax that is imposed on the sale price of a retail good or services.
效益比例	Efficiency Ratio	A ratio used to calculate a bank's efficiency. Not all banks calculate the efficiency ratio the same way. We've seen the ratio calculated as all of the following: non-interest expense divided by total revenue less interest expense non-interest expense divided by net interest income before provision for loan losses non-interest expense divided into revenue operating expenses divided by fee income plus tax equivalent net interest income For all versions of the ratio, an increase means the company is losing a larger percentage of its income to expenses. If it is getting lower, it is good for the bank and its shareholders.
效益成本比率	Benefit Cost Ratio - (BCR)	A ratio attempting to clearly identify the relationship between the cost and benefits of a proposed project.
协同效应	Synergy	Used mostly in the context of mergers and acquisitions, synergy is the idea that the value and performance of two companies combined will be greater than the sum of the separate individual parts.
新经济	New Economy	A buzzword describing the new, high growth industries that are on the cutting edge of technology and are the driving force of economic growth.
新闻稿	Press Release	If it's an earnings press release, the release will discuss the financial results of the company for the recently completed quarter and may provide comments from management. Press releases often list valuable contact information that can assist you in your research, such as the company's web address.
新兴市场基金	Emerging Market Fund	A mutual fund investing a majority of its assets in the financial markets of a developing country, typically a small market with a short operating history.
信贷额度、资金设施	Facility	A term used to describe financial assistance programs offered by lending institutions to help companies requiring capital.
信贷额度、信贷限额	Line of Credit	An arrangement between a financial institution (usually a bank) and a customer establishing a maximum loan balance that the bank will permit the borrower to maintain.
信贷风险	Credit Risk	The possibility of a loss occurring due to the financial failure to meet contractual debt obligations.
信贷违约掉期	Credit Default Swap	A swap designed to transfer the credit exposure of fixed income products between parties.
信贷息差	Credit Spread	The spread between Treasury securities and non-Treasury securities that are identical in all respects except for quality rating. An options strategy where a high premium option is sold and a low premium option is bought on the same underlying security.
信贷、信用、贷项	Credit	A contractual agreement in which a borrower receives something of value now, with the agreement to repay the lender at some date in the future. Also, the borrowing capacity of an individual or company. An accounting entry system that either decreases assets or increases liabilities.
信贷衍生工具	Credit Derivative	Privately held negotiable bilateral contracts that allow users to manage their exposure to credit risk. Credit Derivatives are financial assets like forward contracts, swaps, and options for which the price is driven by the credit risk of economic agents (private investors or governments).
信托	Trust	A fiduciary relationship in which one person, a trustee, holds title to property or assets for the benefit of another person, the beneficiary
信用合作社	Credit Union	Member-owned financial co-operative. These institutions are created and operated by its members and profits are shared amongst the owners.
信用卡	Credit Card	A card allowing someone to make a purchase on borrowed money. Credit cards are one of the most popular forms of payment for consumer goods and services in the United States.
信用评级	Credit Rating	An assessment of the credit worthiness of individuals and corporations. It is based upon the history of borrowing and repayment, as well as the availability of assets and extent of liabilities.
信用悬崖	Credit Cliff	A slang term meaning that credit deterioration could be compounded by provisions such as rating triggers or financial covenants. These can put pressure on the company's liquidity or its business to a material extent.
信用证	Letter of Credit	A letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer's payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount.
行为经济学	Behavioral Economics	A field of economics that studies how the actual decision-making process influences the decisions that are reached.
行为金融学	Behavioral Finance	A field of finance that proposes psychology-based theories to explain stock market anomalies. Within behavioral finance it is assumed that the information structure and the characteristics of market participants systematically influence their investment decisions as well as market outcomes.
行使价格	Strike Price	The stated price per share for which underlying stock may be purchased (for a call) or sold (for a put) by the option holder upon exercise of the option contract.
行使、执行	Exercise	An action by a stockholder taking advantage of a privilege offered by a company or other financial institution. This includes warrants, options, and other exotic financial instruments.
熊市	Bear Market	A market in which prices of a certain group of securities are falling or are expected to fall. Although figures can vary, a downturn of 15%-20% or more in multiple indexes (Dow or S&P 500) is considered a bear market.
需求	Demand	A consumer's desire and willingness to pay for a good or service.
需求的价格弹性	Price Elasticity of Demand	Price Elasticity measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good to a change in its price. It is calculated as: % Change in Quantity Demanded ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ % Change in Price
需求建档	Book Building	The process by which the offer price of an IPO is based on actual demand from institutional investors.
宣告(合约)无效、废止契约	Defeasance	A provision that voids a bond or loan when the borrower sets aside cash or bonds sufficient enough to service the borrower's debt.
选出最有利的(投资等)	Cherry Picking	The act of investors choosing investments that have performed well within another portfolio in anticipation that the trend will continue. Relating to bankruptcy proceedings whereby the courts uphold contracts favorable to bankrupt companies, but annul those that are unfavorable.
循环信贷	Revolving Credit	A line of credit where the customer pays a commitment fee and is then allowed to take and repay funds at will. It is usually used for operating purposes, fluctuating each month depending on revenues and expenditures
迅速换手投资者	Flipper	A short-term investor or day trader who buys pre IPO shares, swiftly spinning them out into public markets for a quick profit.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:49

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中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
压力测试	Stress Testing	Simulative techniques used on asset and liability portfolios to determine their reactions to different financial stresses.
亚洲式期权	Asian Option	An option whose payoff depends on the average price of the underlying asset over a certain period of time.
延长风险	Extension Risk	The risk of a security lengthening in duration due to the deceleration of prepayments.
研究开发	R&D	A company's activities that are directed at developing new products or procedures
研究及开发	Research and Development (R&D)	A company's activities that are directed at developing new products or procedures
衍生工具	Derivative	A security, such as an option or futures contract, whose value depends on the performance of an underlying security.
羊群心理	Herd Instinct	Characterized by a lack of individuality, herd mentality is associated with people thinking and acting like the general population.
扬基存款证	Yankee CD	A CD (Certificate of Deposit) issued in the U.S. market, typically New York, by a branch of a foreign bank.
扬基债券	Yankee Bond	Foreign bonds denominated in U.S. Dollars and issued in the United States by foreign banks and corporations.
养老金固定缴款计划	Defined Contribution Plan	A retirement plan wherein a certain amount or percentage of money is set aside each year for the benefit of the employee. There are restrictions as to when and how you can withdraw these funds without penalties.
养老金固定收益计划	Defined Benefit Pension Plan	An employer-sponsored retirement plan for which retirement benefits are based on a formula indicating the exact benefit that one can expect upon retiring. Investment risk and portfolio management are entirely under the control of the company. There are restrictions on when and how you can withdraw these funds without penalties.
要求储备金	Required Reserves	Requirements regarding the amount of funds that banks must hold in reserve against deposits made by their customers. This money must be in the bank's vaults or at the closest Federal Reserve Bank.
要求回报率	Required Rate Of Return	The rate of return needed to induce investors to invest in a security.
业务重组	Restructuring	A major business modification, usually associated with personnel downsizing and asset revaluation.
1940年投资公司法	Investment Company Act of 1940	Created in 1940 through an act of Congress, this piece of legislation clearly defines the responsibilities and limitations placed upon fund companies that offer investment products to the public.
一般义务债券	General Obligation Bond	A municipal bond backed by the credit and "taxing power" of the issuing jurisdiction, rather than the revenue from a given project.
一般折旧制度	General Depreciation System	The most commonly used system for calculating depreciation. Personal property is depreciated using the declining-balance method, which involves applying the depreciation rate against the undepreciated balance.
一级资本	Tier 1 Capital	A term used to describe the capital adequacy of a bank. Tier I capital is core capital, this includes equity capital and disclosed reserves.
144A 条例	Rule 144A	An SEC rule that modified a two-year holding period requirement on privately placed securities by permitting Qualified Institutional Buyers (QIBs) to trade these positions among themselves.
一次性偿还	Bullet Repayment	A single payment for an entire loan amount that is paid at maturity.
一次总付分配	Lump Sum Distribution	A one time payment for the entire amount due, rather than breaking payments into smaller installments. Some lump-sum distributions receive special tax treatment.
遗赠，遗产	Bequest	The process of giving stocks, bonds, or any other assets to the beneficiary of a will.
已充分反映实值	Fully Valued	A stock that has reached a price that accurately reflects the strength of the company.
已动用资本回报率	ROCE	A ratio that indicates the efficiency and profitability of a company's capital investments. Calculated as: Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ (Capital employed + Short term borrowings - Intangible assets)
已动用资本回报率	Return On Capital Employed (ROCE)	A ratio that indicates the efficiency and profitability of a company's capital investments. Calculated as: Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ (Capital employed + Short term borrowings - Intangible assets)
已发行股票	Shares Outstanding	The number of shares that are currently owned by investors. This includes restricted shares (shares owned by the company's officers and insiders) and shares held by the public. Shares that the company has repurchased are not considered outstanding stock.
已缴资本	Paid-Up Capital	The state of a settlement when all payment obligations for a security has been completed.
已解除债务的破产人	Discharge in Bankruptcy	When a bankrupt person or company is legally free and clear of any obligation to repay certain debts.
已售商品成本	COGS	An expense that reflects the cost of the product or good that generates revenue for a company. Sometimes referred to as "Cost of Sales."
已售商品成本	Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)	An expense that reflects the cost of the product or good that generates revenue for a company. Sometimes referred to as "Cost of Sales."
以房地产抵押作担保的证券	Mortgage Backed Securities	An investment instrument that represents ownership of an undivided interest in a group of mortgages. Principal and interest from the individual mortgages are used to pay principal and interest on the MBS.
以公共福利为目的	Pro Bono	To work for the good of the public rather than for a profit or income.
以合理价格增长	Growth At A Reasonable Price (GARP)	GARP investing combines the two successful strategies of value and growth investing. The name really says it all, GARP investors look for a stock with growth potential, but only if it is reasonably priced.
以活动为基础的预算案	Activity Based Budgeting	Method of budgeting in which activities that incur costs in each function of an organization are established and relationships are defined between activities. This information is then used to decide how much resource should be allocated to each activity.
以活动为基础的管理	Activity Based Management	Using an activity-based costing system to improve the operations of an organization.
以价值为基础的定价	Value-Based Pricing	A pricing strategy whereby a product's price is actively dependant upon its demand.
以市值计价	Mark to Market (MTM)	Recording the price or value of a security, portfolio, or account to reflect the current market value. An accounting method that relates to how a trader calculates their trading gains and losses, and how these gains and losses are reported on the trader's income tax returns.
以物易物	Barter	The process of trading goods and services without the use of money.
溢价	Premium	The total cost of an option. The difference between the higher price paid for a security and the security's face amount at issue.
溢价债券	Premium Bond	A bond that is valued at more than its face amount.
意外与健康福利	Accident and Health Benefits	Fringe benefits provided by for employees for sickness, accidental injury, or accidental death. These benefits include payment of hospital and medical expenses as well as income payments.
意向书	Letter of Intent	A letter that describes in detail a corporation's intention to act on something.
银行保险	Bank Insurance	A public or private corporation that guarantees deposits up to a specified amount if the bank goes bankrupt.
银行出售保险	Bancassurance	A French term referring to the selling of insurance through a bank's established distribution channels.
银团贷款	Syndicated Loan	A very large loan in which a group of banks work together to provide funds for one borrower. There is usually one lead bank that takes a small percentage of the loan and syndicates the rest to other banks.
银行担保	Bank Guarantee	A guarantee from a lending institution that the liabilities of a debtor will be met. In other words, if the debtor fails to settle a debt, the bank will cover it.
银行挤兑	Bank run	When numerous bank customers try to withdrawal their bank deposits simultaneously and the bank's reserves are not sufficient to cover the withdrawals.
银行利率	Bank Rate	The rate at which central banks lend funds to national banks.
银行投资合约	Bank Investment Contract (BIC)	A security with an interest rate guaranteed by a bank. It provides a specific yield on a portfolio over a specified period.
隐含波动性	Implied Volatility (IV)	The estimated volatility of a stock's price.
隐含成本	Implicit Cost	A cost that is represented by lost opportunity in the usage of a company's own resources, excluding cash.
隐含价值	Embedded Value	A common valuation method outside North America. It is based on the sum of tangible book value plus the (present) value of the in-force block.
隐含期权	Embedded Option	An option that is an inseparable part of another instrument. Compare this to a normal (or bare) option, which trades separately from the underlying security.
隐名合伙人	Silent Partner	An investor who does not have any management responsibilities but provides capital and shares liability for any losses experienced by the entity.
印花税	Stamp Duty	An ad-valorem or flat rate charged upon certain documents.
应付账款天数	Days Payable Outstanding (DPO)	A company's average payable period. Calculated as: Notice that the formula may also be written as: accounts payable / (cost of sales/number of days).
应课税收入	Taxable Income	The amount of net income used in calculating income tax.
应课税收益	Taxable Gain	The portion of a sale that is liable to taxation.
应收账款净额	Net Receivables	A company's accounts receivable (money owed to the company) minus any provisions for bad debts.
应收账款周转率	Receivable Turnover Ratio	An accounting measure used to quantify a firm's effectiveness in extending credit and success in collection of debts.
应收账款	Accounts Receivable (AR)	Money that is owed by customers.Having receivables means that the company has made the sale but has yet to collect the money
应收账款天数	Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)	A company's average payable period. Calculated as: Notice that the formula may also be written as: accounts receivable / (credit sales/number of days).
盈利	Earnings	The net income of a company during a specific period. Generally, but not necessarily, referring to after-tax income.
盈利倍数	Earnings Multiplier	The estimated price-earnings ratio adjusted for the current level of interest rates.
盈利不符预测	Earnings Surprises	When the earnings reported in a company's quarterly or annual report are above or below analysts' earnings estimates.
盈利收益	Earnings Yield	The earnings per share for the most recent 12 months divided by market price per share.
盈利预测	Earnings Estimate	An analyst's estimate for a company's future quarterly or annual earnings
盈利质量	Quality of Earnings	The amount of earnings attributable to higher sales or lower costs rather than artificial profits created by accounting anomalies such as inflation of inventory.
盈利资产	Earning Assets	Any income earning asset owned by a company.
营运比率	Operating Ratio	ratio that shows the efficiency of management. Calculated as: Operating Expense ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Net Sales The smaller the ratio, the greater the organization's ability to generate profit if revenues decrease.
营运贡杆	Operating Leverage	A measurement of the degree to which a firm or project relies on fixed rather than variable costs.
营运净收入	NOI	A company's operating income minus income taxes and minority interest.
营运净收入	Net Operating Income (NOI)	A company's operating income minus income taxes and minority interest.
营运开支	Operating Expenses	The essential things that a company must purchase in order to maintain business.
营运利润率	Operating Margin	Calculated by dividing a company's operating profit by net sales.
营运收入	Operating Income	The profit realized from a business' own operations.
营运现金流	Operating Cash Flow (OCF)	The cash generated from the operations of a company. In general terms, it is defined as revenues less all operating expenses. Operating cash flow is calculated through a series of adjustments to net income. It can be found on the statement of cash flows. ?
营运资金	Working Capital	A valuation metric that is calculated as current assets minus current liabilities.
营运资金周转率	Working Capital Turnover	A measurement comparing the depletion of working capital with the generation of sales over a given period.
营运租赁	Operating Lease	A lease contract that allows the use of an asset, but does not convey rights similar to ownership of the asset.
影子评级	Shadow Rating	The name given to a bond rating performed on an issuing party by a credited institution, but without any public announcement of the results. A rating given by S&P to Israel Bonds, which are not permitted to be traded on the secondary market.
影子定价	Shadow Pricing	The arbitrary assignment of dollar values to non-marketed goods.
硬货币	Hard Currency	A currency, usually from a highly industrialized country, that is widely accepted around the world.
硬通货贷款	Hard Loan	A foreign loan that must be paid in the currency of a nation that has stability and a reputation abroad for economic strength (a hard currency).
硬着陆	Hard Landing	A term used to describe an economy going into recession as the government attempts to slow down inflation.
佣金	Commission	A service charge assessed by an agent in return for arranging the purchase or sale of a security or real estate. The commission must be fair and reasonable, considering all the relevant factors of the transaction. Commissions vary widely from broker to broker.
佣金行	Commission House	A brokerage or merchant firm which buys and sells futures contracts for customer accounts.
永久债券	Perpetual Bond	A bond with no maturity date. Perpetual bonds are not redeemable, instead they pay a steady stream of interest forever.
优化改组	Rationalization	A reorganization of a company in order to increase its efficiency. This reorganization may lead to an expansion or reduction in company size, a change of policy, or an alteration of strategy pertaining to particular products.
优先股	Preferred Stock	A class of ownership in a corporation with a stated dividend that must be paid before dividends to common stock holders. Preferred stock does not usually have voting rights
优先权	Preemptive Right	The right of a company's existing common shareholders to have the first chance to purchase shares in a company's future stock issuance.
优先权	Right Of First Refusal	In general, the right of a person or company to purchase something before the offering is made available to others.
游资、闲置资金	Idle Funds	Money that is not invested and, therefore, earning no income. For example, funds in a checking account.
有担保股票	Guaranteed Stock	Common or preferred stock whose dividends are guaranteed.
有抵押票据	Secured Note	A bilateral lending agreement, the note represents a contractual obligation to lend and borrow money at a specified interest rate.
有抵押债务	Secured Debt	Debt backed or secured by collateral in order to reduce the risk associated with lending.
有价证券	Marketable Securities	Very liquid securities that can be converted into cash quickly at a reasonable price
有上限期权	Capped Option	An option with a pre-established profit cap. A capped option is automatically exercised when the underlying security closes at or above (for a call) or at or below (for a put) the Option's cap price.
有条件买回条款	Provisional Call Feature	A feature in a convertible issue that allows the issuer to call the issue during the non-call period if the stock reaches a certain price.
有息票债券	Coupon Bond	A debt obligation with coupons attached that represent semiannual interest payments.
有限合伙	Limited Partnership	Two or more partners formed to conduct a business jointly, and in which one or more of the partners is liable only to the extent of the amount of money they have invested. Limited partners do not receive dividends, but enjoy direct access to the flow of income and expenses.
有限责任公司	LLC	A corporate structure whereby the shareholders of the company have a limited liability to the firms actions.
有限责任公司	Limited Liability Company (LLC)	A corporate structure whereby the shareholders of the company have a limited liability to the firms actions.
有限制股票	Restricted Stock	Insider holdings that are under some other kind of sales restriction. Restricted stock must be traded in compliance with special SEC regulations
有效期限	Effective Duration	A duration calculation for bonds with embedded options. Effective duration takes into account that expected cash flows will fluctuate as interest rates change.
有效收益率	Effective Yield	A bond's yield assuming that you reinvest the coupon (interest payments) once you've received payment.
有效税率	Effective Tax Rate	The rate a taxpayer would be taxed at if taxing was done at a constant rate, instead of progressively. Calculated as total tax paid divided by taxable income.
有形资产净值	Net Tangible Assets	Calculated as total assets minus intangible assets and liabilities.
有形资产	Tangible Asset	Calculated as total assets minus intangible assets and liabilities.
预测	Forecasting	The process of analyzing historical and current data in order to determine future trends.
预定的违约金	Liquidated Damages	Present in certain legal contracts, this provision allows for the payment of a specified sum should one of the parties be in breach of contract.
预付	Prepayment	The payment of a debt obligation prior to its due date. The excess payment over a scheduled debt repayment amount.
预付风险	Prepayment Risk	The uncertainty related to unscheduled prepayment in excess of scheduled principal repayment.
预计寿命	Life Expectancy	The age until which a person is expected to live. The remaining number of years an individual is expected to live according to IRS life expectancy tables.
预见性盈利	Forward Looking Earnings	Analyst forecasts used in the context of a P/E ratio based on forward (expected) earnings rather than on the trailing earnings (which is quoted more often).
预扣(税)	Withholding	Any tax that is taken directly out of an individual's wages or other income before he or she receives the funds.
预扣(税)	Withholding Tax	The amount of income tax an employer is required to withhold from an employee's salary.
预期回报率	Expected Return	The average of a probability distribution of possible returns
预期债券票据	Bond Anticipation Note (BAN)	Short term interest bearing securities issued in the anticipation of larger approaching bond issues.
预算案	Budget	An estimation of an organization's revenue and expenses over a specified period of time.
预先包装的破产	Prepackaged Bankruptcy	When a company prepares a reorganization plan that is negotiated and voted on by creditors and shareholders before the company actually files for bankruptcy
员工供款计划	Employee Contribution Plan	A company sponsored retirement plan where employees make deposits (contributions) to an account. Contributions are deducted from employee's pay, and some companies match payments.
远期掉期	Forward Swap	A swap agreement created through the synthesis of two different swaps, differing in duration, for the purpose of fulfilling the specific timeframe needs of an investor.
远期合约	Forward Contract	A cash market transaction in which delivery of the commodity is deferred until after the contract has been made. Although the delivery is made in the future, the price is determined at the initial trade date.
远期价格	Forward Price	A predetermined price that makes a forward contract worthless to both parties.
远期利率	Forward Rate	The amount that a currency, commodity, or some other asset will cost to deliver sometime in the future.
远期利率协议	Forward Rate Agreement (FRA)	A forward contract that determines an interest rate to be paid or received on an obligation beginning at a start date sometime in the future.
远期市场	Forward Market	A term used to describe the over-the-counter trading of forward contracts.
运用资本	Capital Employed	The total amount of capital used for the acquisition of profits. The value of all the assets employed in a business. Fixed assets plus working capital. Total assets less current liabilities.

作者: TheMBAGlover 时间: 2011-9-9 13:49

Z

中文词句	English Terms	English Definitions
灾难债券	Catastrophe Bond	A high-yield debt instrument that is usually insurance linked and meant to raise money in case of a catastrophe such as a hurricane or earthquake. It has a special condition that states that if the issuer (insurance or reinsurance company) suffers a loss from a particular predefined catastrophe, then the issuer's obligation to pay interest and/or repay the principal is either deferred or completely forgiven.
再保险	Reinsurance	The process of insurance companies insuring underwritten policies with other institutions in order to offset exposure.
在建项目	Work in Progress	Uncompleted work that has already incurred a capital investment from the company.
再融资	Refinance	When a business or person revises their payment schedule for repaying debt. Replacing an older loan with a new loan offering better terms
再投资	Reinvestment	Using dividends, interest, and capital gains earned in a mutual fund investment to purchase additional shares, rather than receiving the distributions in cash.
再投资风险	Reinvestment Risk	The risk that future proceeds will have to be reinvested at a lower potential interest rate.
再投资率	Reinvestment Rate	The rate at which cash flows from fixed-income securities may be reinvested
暂搁发行	Shelf Offering	An SEC provision allowing an issuer to register a new issue security without selling the entire issue at once.
暂搁注册	Shelf Registration	An term used for the SEC rule 415, which allows a corporation the ability to comply with registration requirements up to 2 years before doing a public offering. The corporation must still file the required annual and quarterly reports to the SEC.
暂缓行使(债权人权利)	Forbearance	A postponement of loan payments, granted by a lender or creditor, for a temporary period of time. This is done in order to give the borrower time to make up for overdue payments.
增记	Write-Up	Increasing the book value of an asset because it is undervalued compared to market values.
增加抵押通知	Overcollateralization	The posting of more collateral than is needed
增长股票	Growth Stock	Shares in a company whose earnings are expected to grow at an above average rate relative to the market.
增长基金	Growth Fund	A diversified portfolio of stocks that has capital appreciation as its primary goal. It invests in companies that reinvest their earnings for expansion, acquisitions, or research and development.
增长率	Growth Rates	The compounded annualized rate of growth of a company's revenues, earnings, dividends, or other figures.
增值	Value-Added	The enhancement a company gives its product or service before offering the product to customers.
摘牌、停止上市	Delisting	When the stock of a company is removed from a stock exchange. Reasons for delisting include violating regulations and failure to meet financial specifications set out by the stock exchange.
债换股交易	Debt Equity Swap	A refinancing deal where a debt holder gets an equity position in exchange for cancellation of the debt.
债权人	Creditor	One who extends credit by giving a person or organization permission to borrow money if they promise to pay it back at a later date.
债券	Bond	债券是一种债务投资，投资者以特定的利率及时期向需要资金的实体(公司或政府)借贷，投资者可获得一份证书，即债券，其中列明投资者可获得的利率(息票)及偿还资金的日期(到期日)。债券的利息一般每六个月(半年)支付一次企业债券：一家企业发行的债券市政债券：市政府发行的债券，一般属于免税债券，即投资者无需就收取的利息支付税项，但利率一般较需缴税债券低美国国库券/政府债券：美国政府发行的债券，被认为是安全的投资，因为债券获得美国税务局担保。美国国库券的利息无需缴付所得税。国库券的年期一般为10年以上，而美国政府票据的年期较短美国政府票据：政府票据与国库券的唯一分别在于时期，政府票据的年期一般为2至5年美国短期国库券：时期比国库券及政府票据短，一般为3、6或9个月至2年。短期国库券的利息在到期时支付，价格而根据利息而定零息票债券：无定期利息的债券，但发行价格相对面值有折让，在到期时才可实现回报
债券等值收益	Bond Equivalent Yield (BEY)	A calculation for restating semi-annual, quarterly, or monthly discount-bond or note yields into an annual yield. For a fixed income security with a par value of $1000, the calculation is as follows: 1000-Purchase Price ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Purchase Price
债券互换	Bond Swap	A strategy whereby an investor sells a bond and at the same time purchases a different bond with the proceeds from the sale.
债券换新	Refunding	Retiring an outstanding bond issue at maturity by using money from the sale of a new offering.
债券基金	Bond Fund	A mutual fund whose investment objective is to provide stable income with a minimal risk. It invests in income-producing instruments, which may include corporate, government, or municipal bonds.
债券期权	Bond Option	The same as a stock option except the underlying asset is a bond.
债券评级	Bond Rating	An evaluation of the possibility of default by a bond issuer. It is based on an analysis of the issuer's financial condition and profit potential. Bond rating services are provided by, among others, Standard & Poor's, Moody's Investors Service, and Fitch Investors Service.
债务	Debt	An amount of money owed from one person or firm to another.
债务偿付比率	Debt Service Coverage Ratio	A ratio often used by bank loan officers when making loans to perspective income property loans. Net Operating Income ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Total Debt Service
债务重组	Debt Restructuring	A method whereby companies with outstanding debt obligations alter the terms of the debt agreements in order to achieve some advantage.
债务股本比	Debt Equity Ratio	A measure of a company's financial leverage calculated by dividing long term debt by shareholders equity. It indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets.
债务积压	Debt Overhang	A situation where the debt stock of a country exceeds the country's future capacity to repay.
债务人	Debtor	A company or individual that owes money.
债务人	Obligor	An entity that has an obligation to pay all principal and interest payments on a debt.
债务融资	Debt Financing	When a firm raises money for working capital or capital expenditures by selling bonds, bills, or notes to individual and/or institutional investors. In return for lending the money, the individuals or institutions become creditors and receive a promise to repay principal and interest on the debt.
债务证券	Debt Security	A security representing a loan by an investor to an issuer. In return for the loan, the issuer promises to repay the debt on a specified date and to pay interest.
战略联盟	Strategic Alliance	An arrangement between two companies who have decided to share resources that one company may not have while holding something that another has
战争债券	War Bond	Debt securities issued by a government for the purpose of financing military operations during times of war.
账簿管理人	Book Runner	The managing or lead underwriter who maintains the books of securities sold for a new issue.
账面价值	Book Value	The value at which an asset is carried on a balance sheet. In other words, the cost of an asset minus accumulated depreciation. The net asset value of a company. Calculated by total assets minus intangible assets (patents, goodwill) and liabilities.
账面现行价值	Carrying Value	Also know as "book value," it is a company's total assets minus intangible assets and liabilities, such as debt.
折扣、贴现	Discount	The difference between the lower price paid for a security and the security's face amount at issue.
折扣经纪人	Discount Broker	A stockbroker who charges a reduced commission, but provides no investment advice.
折旧、贬值	Depreciation	An expense recorded to reduce the value of a long-term tangible asset. Since it is a non-cash expense, it increases free cash flow while decreasing the amount of a company's reported earnings. A decrease in the value of a particular currency relative to other currencies.
折余成本、已折旧成本	Depreciated Cost	Calculated by subtracting the amount of depreciation claimed from the original cost of an asset.
整批［证券］	Even Lot	Quantities established by futures exchanges as benchmarks for quoting commodity prices.
正交易量指数	Positive Volume Index (PVI)	An index that focuses on days where the volume has significantly increased from the previous day's trading.
证书	Certificate	Another name for stock, certificate actually refers to the physical piece of paper representing ownership in a company.
证券	Security	An instrument representing ownership (stocks), a debt agreement (bonds), or the rights to ownership (derivatives).
证券担保	Government Security	A government debt obligation (local or national) backed by the credit and taxing power of a country with very little risk of default.
证券分析员	Security Analyst	One who studies various industries and companies, providing research reports and valuation reports. Analysts make the buy, sell, and hold recommendations.
证券化	Securitization	The process of creating a financial instrument by combining other financial assets and then marketing them to investors.
证券减值	Distressed Securities	When a company is going through hard times and, as a result, the market value of its securities or assets fall substantially in value.
证券借贷	Securities Lending	When a brokerage lends securities owned by its clients to short sellers.
政府票据	Treasury Note	A marketable, fixed-interest rate U.S. Government debt security with a maturity between 1 and 10 years.
指标	Indicator	Anything used to predict future financial or economic trends.
指数	Index	A statistical measure of the changes in a portfolio of stocks representing a portion of the overall market.
指数化	Indexing	The adjustment of the weights of assets in an investment portfolio so that its performance matches that of an index. Linking movements of rates to the performance of an index.
指数基金	Index Fund	A portfolio of investments that are weighted the same as a stock-exchange index in order to mirror its performance. This process is also referred to as indexing.
指数期货	Index Futures	A futures contract on a stock or financial index, such as the S&P 500. Each index can have a different multiple for determining the price of the future.
指数期权	Index Option	A call or put option on a financial index.
中等市值股票	Mid Cap Stock	Short for "Middle Cap," mid cap refers to stocks with a market capitalization of between $2 billion to $10 billion.?/TD> [/td]
中期	Medium Term	Holding an asset for an intermediate period of time.
中期股息	Interim Dividend	A dividend payment made before a company's AGM and final financial statements. This declared dividend usually accompanies the company's interim financial statements.
中期票据	MTN	A note that usually matures in 5-10 years.
中期票据	Medium Term Note (MTN)	A note that usually matures in 5-10 years.
中央银行	Central Bank	A bank providing services for a country's government and major commercial banks.
种子资金	Seed Capital	The initial equity capital used to start a new venture or business. This initial amount is usually quite small because the venture is still in the idea or conceptual stage.
仲裁	Arbitration	An informal hearing held regarding a dispute. The dispute is judged by a group of people (generally three) who have been selected by an impartial panel. Once a decision has been reached, there is no further appeal process.
周期性股票	Cyclical Stock	Used to describe a stock that rises quickly when economic growth is strong, and falls rapidly when growth is slowing down.
周期性行业	Cyclical Industry	A term describing an industry that is sensitive to the business cycle and price changes. Many cyclical industries produce durable goods such as raw materials and heavy equipment.
周期性失业	Cyclical Unemployment	Unemployment resulting from changes in the business cycle.
周转率、成交量	Turnover	In accounting, the number of times an asset is replaced during a financial period. Often used in terms of inventory or accounts receivable turnover. In the context of securities, for either a portfolio or exchange, the number of shares traded for a period as a percentage of the total shares.
注册财务分析师	CFA	A professional designation given by the Association for Investment Management and Research (AIMR) that measures the competence and integrity of financial analysts. Candidates are required to pass three levels of exams covering areas such as accounting, economics, ethics, money management, and security analysis.
注册财务分析师	Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA)	A professional designation given by the Association for Investment Management and Research (AIMR) that measures the competence and integrity of financial analysts. Candidates are required to pass three levels of exams covering areas such as accounting, economics, ethics, money management, and security analysis.
注册公共会计师	CPA	A designation by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for those who pass an exam and meet work-experience requirements.
注册公共会计师	Certified Public Accountant	A designation by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for those who pass an exam and meet work-experience requirements.
注册权	Registration Right	A contractual right giving investors holding restricted stock the ability to demand that the issuing company register the shares to the SEC, effectively making the stock available for sale to the public.
注册投资顾问	Registered Investment Advisor (RIA)	An advisor, registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, who manages the investments of others.
专属基金	Captive Fund	A fund that provides investment services solely to the one firm holding ownership.
专营经纪人	Specialist	A person on the trading floor of certain exchanges who holds an inventory of particular stocks. The specialist is responsible for managing limit trades, but does not make information on outstanding limit orders available to other traders.
转换	Conversion	The translation of a convertible security into a predetermined number of shares. A strategy used by future traders whereby they mix the purchase of option and futures contracts.
转换价格	Conversion Price	The price per share at which a convertible security can be converted into common stock.
转换溢价	Conversion Premium	The amount by which the price of a convertible security exceeds the current market value of the common stock into which it may be converted.
转亏为盈、市道转好	Turnaround	When the poor performance of a company, market, or the economy experiences a positive reversal.
转捩点	Inflection Point	An event that changes the way we think and act. -Andy Grove, Founder of Intel.
转让	Assignment	The transfer of an individual's rights or property to another person or business.
转移特权	Exchange Privilege	When a mutual fund shareholder has the opportunity to exchange a fund for another within the same family at no additional cost.
转移投资行业	Sector Rotation	The action of a mutual fund or portfolio manager shifting assets from one sector of the economy to another.
追回利益、市场回落	Clawback	Previously given monies or benefits that are taken back due to specially arising circumstances. A retraction of stock prices or of the market in general.
追踪股票	Tracking Stock	A stock issued by a parent company to create a financial vehicle to track the performance of a particular division or subsidiary.
追踪基金	Tracker Fund	A type of mutual fund that provides the same returns as an index. The fund invests in all the companies within the index according to a market value weighting.
(资本)损耗	Impairment	A reduction in a company's stated capital. The total capital that is less than the par value of the company's capital stock.
资本保证基金	Capital Guarantee Fund	An investment vehicle, offered by certain institutions, that guarantees the investor's initial capital investment from any losses.
资本财货	Capital Goods	Any goods used by an organization to produce other goods.
资本成本	Cost of Capital	The required return necessary to make a capital budgeting project worthwhile. Cost of capital would include the cost of debt and the cost of equity.
资本充足率	Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)	A measure of a bank's capital. It is expressed as a percentage of a bank's risk weighted credit exposures.
资本化	Capitalize	An accounting method used to delay the recognition of expenses by recording the expense as a long term asset.
资本化租赁	Capital Lease	A lease considered to have the economic characteristic of asset ownership.
资本回报率	Return of Capital	A return from an investment that is not considered income. The return of capital is when some or all of the money an investor has in an investment is paid back to him or her, thus decreasing the value of the investment. This is not a gain of any type because it is not in excess of the original investment.
资本结构调整	Recapitalization	Restructuring a company's debt and equity mixture without affecting the total amount of balance sheet equity.
资本金基础	Capital Base	The capital acquired during an IPO, or the additional offerings of a company, plus any retained earnings. An initial investment plus subsequent investments made by an investor into their portfolio.
资本开支	Capital Expenditure	Funds used by a company to acquire or upgrade physical assets such as property, industrial buildings, or equipment.
资本密集	Capital Intensive	A process or industry that requires large sums of financial resources to produce a particular good.
资本票据	Capital Note	Fixed income products issued by companies as a source of short term debt.
资本升值	Capital Appreciation	A rise in the market price of an asset.
资本市场	Capital Markets	The market where capital, such as stocks and bonds, are traded.
资本收益	Capital Gain	An increase in the value of a capital asset (investment or real estate) that gives it a higher worth than the purchase price. The gain is not realized until the asset is sold. A capital gain may be short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year), and must be claimed on income taxes.
资本收益回报率	Return On Capital Gains	The return that one gets from an increase in the value of a capital asset (investment or real estate).
资本损失	Capital Loss	The loss incurred when a capital asset (investment or real estate) decreases in value. The loss is not realized until the asset is sold for a lower price than the purchase price.
资本预算	Capital Budgeting	The process of determining whether or not projects such as building a new plant or investing in a long-term venture are worthwhile.
资本帐户	Capital Account	The net result of public and private international investment flowing in and out of a country.
资本主义	Capitalism	An economic system that encourages private investment and business, rather than a government controlled economy.
资本/资本金	Capital	Financial assets or the financial value of assets such as cash. The factories, machinery, and equipment owned by a business.
资本资产	Capital Asset	A long-term asset that is not bought or sold in the regular course of business.
资本资产计价模型	Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)	A model describing the relationship between risk and expected return. It serves as a model for the pricing of risky securities. CAPM says that the expected return of a security or a portfolio equals the rate on a risk-free security plus a risk premium. If this expected return does not meet or beat the required return then the investment should not be undertaken.
资不抵债	Insolvency	When a company can no longer meet its debt obligations with another firm or institution.
资产	Asset	Anything that an individual or a corporation owns that has economic value to its owner. Asset is also a balance sheet item showing what a firm owns. Assets are bought to increase the value of a firm or benefit the firms operations.
资产偿付比率	Asset Coverage Ratio	A test that determines a company's ability to cover debt obligations with their assets after all liabilities have been satisfied. It is calculated as the following (Book or liquidation value of total assets - intangible assets - (current liabilities - short term debt obligations)) ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Total debt outstanding
资产重新配置	Asset Redeployment	The strategic relocation of company assets in order to increase profitability.
资产抵押证券	Asset-Backed Security	A security backed by notes or receivables against assets other than real estate.
资产分配	Asset Allocation	The process of dividing a portfolio among major asset categories, such as bonds, stocks, or cash. The purpose of asset allocation is to reduce risk by diversifying the portfolio.
资产分配基金	Asset Allocation Fund	type of mutual fund that splits investment assets among bonds, stocks, and other securities. The goal is to maximize return while minimizing risk.
资产负债表	Balance Sheet	A company's financial statement. It reports the company's assets, liabilities, and net worth at a specific time.
资产负债表以外融资	Off Balance Sheet Financing	The way a company raises money that does not appear on the balance sheet, unlike loans, debt, or equity, which do appear on the balance sheet.
资产负债管理	Asset-Liability Management	A technique employed by companies in coordinating the management of assets and liabilities so that an adequate return may be earned.
资产估值	Asset Valuation	The process of determining the current worth of a portfolio, company, investment, or balance sheet item.
资产管理	Asset Management	The management of the financial assets of a company in order to maximize return. An account at a financial institution that includes checking services, credit cards, debit cards, margin loans, the automatic sweep of cash balances into a money market fund, as well as brokerage services.
资产互换	Asset Swap	Similar in structure to a plain vanilla swap, the key difference is the underlying of the swap contract. Rather than regular fixed and floating loan interest rates being swapped, fixed and floating investments are being exchanged.
资产回报率	ROA	A useful indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total assets. Calculated by dividing a company's annual earnings by its total assets, ROA is displayed as a percentage. Sometimes this is referred to as Return on Investment. Net Income ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Total Assets Note: Some people add interest expense back into net income when performing this calculation because it measures operating returns before cost of borrowing.
资产回报率	Return On Assets (ROA)	A useful indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total assets. Calculated by dividing a company's annual earnings by its total assets, ROA is displayed as a percentage. Sometimes this is referred to as Return on Investment. Net Income ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Total Assets Note: Some people add interest expense back into net income when performing this calculation because it measures operating returns before cost of borrowing.
资产净值	NAV	In the context of mutual funds, the total value of the fund's portfolio less liabilities. The NAV is usually calculated on a daily basis. In respect to corporate valuations, the book value of assets less liabilities.
资产净值	Net Asset Value (NAV)	In the context of mutual funds, the total value of the fund's portfolio less liabilities. The NAV is usually calculated on a daily basis. In respect to corporate valuations, the book value of assets less liabilities.
资产隙	Asset Play	An incorrectly valued stock that is attractive because its combined asset value greater than its market capitalization.
资产周转率	Asset Turnover	The amount of sales generated for every dollar's worth of assets. It is calculated by dividing sales in dollars by assets in dollars. Revenue ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Total Assets
资金成本	Cost of Funds	The interest rate paid on a loan.
资金的时间价值	Time Value of Money	The basic principle that money can earn interest. Therefore, something that is worth $1 today will be worth more in the future if invested. This is also referred to as future value.
资金过剩	Overcapitalization	When a company has too much capital for the needs of its business
资金汇回本国	Repatriation	The process of converting a foreign currency into the currency of one's own country.
资金消耗率	Burn Rate	The rate at which a new company uses up its venture capital to finance overhead before generating positive cash flow from operations. In other words, it's a measure of negative cash flow.
资金周转周期	Cash Conversion Cycle	The duration between the sale of a firm's inventory and the collection of accounts receivable for the sale of that inventory.
子弹式交易	Bullet Trade	The act of purchasing an "in the money" put option so that the buyer can capitalize on a bear market by effectively shorting a stock without waiting for an uptick.
子公司、附属公司	Subsidiary	A company owned by another company that controls more than 50% of its voting stock.
自动确认交易系统	Automated Confirmation Transaction Service (ACT)	An automated system designed to document and report the clearing of trades in the Nasdaq market.
自动债券系统	Automated Bond System (ABS)	The electronic system on the NYSE that records bids and offers for inactively traded bonds. The system continues to monitor until the bonds are cancelled or executed.
自然失业	Natural Unemployment	The long-term sustainable rate of unemployment within an economy.
自由不干预理论	Laissez Faire	An economic theory from the 18th century that is strongly opposed to any government intervention in business affairs.
自由现金流	Free Cash Flow	A measure of how much cash a company has after paying its bills for ongoing activities and growth.
自由资金交易	Proprietary Trading	When a firm trades for direct gain instead of commission dollars. Essentially, the firm has decided to profit from the market rather than commissions from processing trades.
综合企业	Conglomerate	A company that consists of a grouping of businesses from unrelated streams.
总费率	Gross Spread	The difference between the underwriting price received by the issuing company and the actual offering price to the public.
总分类账	General Ledger	A company's accounting records. It contains all of the financial accounts and statements
总企业价值	Total Enterprise Value (TEV)	A valuation measurement used to compare companies with varying levels of debt. This is calculated as: TEV = Market Capitalization + Interest Bearing Debt + Preferred Stock - Excess Cash.
总市值	Market Capitalization	The total dollar value of all outstanding shares. It's calculated by multiplying the number of shares times the current market price. This term is often referred to as market cap.
总收入	Total Revenue	Total sales and other revenue for a particular period.
总收入	Revenue	The dollar amount of sales during a specific period, including discounts and returned merchandise. It is the "top line" figure from which costs are subtracted to determine net income. When evaluating stocks, revenue growth serves as an indication of a company's health.
总税项	Total Tax	The complete amount of taxes an individual owes for a particular year after all credits have been deducted.
总投资现金回报率	Cash Return on Gross Investment - (CROGI)	A measure of financial performance calculated as gross cash flow after taxes divided by gross investment.
总销售额	Gross Sales	The overall sales which are not adjusted for discounts or returns. Gross sales is usually used for consumer retail firms.
总效用	Total Utility	The full satisfaction of consumers wants or needs through the consumption of specific goods or services.
总行使价格	Aggregate Exercise Price	The strike price of a put or call option multiplied by its contract size.
总债务与总资产比率	Total Debt to Total Assets	Used to measure a company's financial risk by determining how much of the company's assets have been financed by debt. Calculated by adding short-term and long-term debt, and then dividing by a company's total assets.
总资本，总市值	Capitalization	The sum of a corporation's stock, long-term debt, and retained earnings. A company's outstanding shares multiplied by its share price, better known as market capitalization.
纵向合并	Vertical Merger	A merger between two companies producing different goods or services for one specific finished product.
纵向市场	Vertical Market	A focused market that is only able to meet the need of one specific industry.
纵向整合	Vertical Integration	When a company expands its business into areas that are at different points of the same production path.
租回已出售财产	Leaseback	An arrangement where the seller of an asset leases back the same asset from the purchaser.
租赁	Lease	An agreement in which one party gains a long-term rental agreement, and the other party receives a form of secured long-term debt.
最低额	Floor	The lowest acceptable limit as restricted by controlling parties.
最低叫价	Best Ask	The lowest quoted offer for a particular stock among all competing market makers.
最低预期回报率	Hurdle Rate	The minimum amount of return that a person requires before they will make an investment in something.
最高出价	Best Bid	The highest quoted bid for a particular stock among all competing market makers.
最高利率	Interest Rate Ceiling	The absolute maximum rate of interest that a financial institution can charge for an adjustable rate mortgage or loan. This is regulated by the government.
最后担保	Backstop	To provide last-resort support or security in a securities offering.
最佳价格规则	Best Price Rule	An SEC regulation that requires shares tendered for an offer to be paid equally and maintain the same consideration.
最佳执行	Best Execution	The responsibility of brokers to provide the most advantageous execution of an order.
最优惠利率	Prime Rate	The interest rate that commercial banks charge their prime or most credit worthy customers, generally the large corporations.
最终股息	Final Dividend	The final dividend declared at a company's Annual General Meeting (AGM) for any given year. This amount is calculated after all financial statements are recorded and the directors are aware of the company's profitability and financial health.
最终价值	Terminal Value	The value of an investment at the end of a period, taking into account a specified rate of interest.

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