16、Stephen Rangen, a former broker, had three accounts consisting of unsophisticated, inexperienced individual investors with limited means. One of these accounts was an elderly couple. The clients wanted to invest in safe, income-producing investments. They relied heavily on Rangen’s advice and expected him to initiate most transactions in their respective accounts. In managing their accounts, Rangen pursued the following strategies: (1) bought U.S. treasury strips and non-dividend paying over-the-counter stocks, (2) used margin accounts, and (3) concentrated the equity portion of their portfolios in one or two stocks. Rangen’s approach led to extremely high turnover rates in all three accounts. The Securities and Exchange Commission sanctioned Rangen for unsuitable recommendations and excessive trading in several accounts.

For this specific situation, which of the following is least likely to be an appropriate compliance procedure involving Standard III(C), Suitability? The broker should:

A)   assess and document each client's risk tolerance.

B)   develop an investment policy statement for each client.

C)   educate clients with respect to the selection of appropriate asset allocations and strategies.

D)   avoid using material nonpublic information received in confidence to benefit clients.

17、For this specific situation, all of the following are appropriate compliance procedures involving Standard III(C), Suitability, EXCEPT:

A)   reviewing investment policy statements regularly.

B)   obtaining proper portfolio diversification where appropriate.

C)   complying with any prohibitions on activities imposed by their employer if a conflict of interest exists.

D)   educating clients about selecting appropriate asset allocations and strategies.

18、For this specific situation, which of the following policy statements should be adopted to ensure that future violations of this kind do not occur?

A)   Before advising individual clients, managers should review the recommendations provided by the firm's research department. From this set of recommendations, they should select those securities that provide the expected highest return on investment. Managers should review the investor's portfolio at least monthly to see if existing securities should be replaced with those more recently recommended. Managers should turnover portfolios frequently and concentrate holdings within portfolios in order to achieve the highest possible returns for clients.

B)   When making recommendations or taking investment actions, managers should seek to minimize the client's portfolio risk. Managers should review the recommendations of the firm's research department to identify securities with low volatility. In making asset allocation recommendations or decisions for discretionary accounts, managers should weight the portfolios towards dividend-paying stocks and other income-producing assets such as bonds and mortgage REITS. Managers should review portfolios at least semi-annually.

C)   When making investment recommendations or taking investment actions, managers should focus primarily on a client's tax considerations and after-tax returns. Managers should attempt to develop tax-efficient investment strategies and portfolios. Managers should typically avoid high-yielding securities in favor of those expected to result in capital gains. Managers are required to review changes in applicable tax laws and regulations to ensure that the best interests of clients are being met from a tax perspective. Managers should review portfolios at least annually.

D)   Before making any recommendations or taking any investment actions, managers should formulate an investment policy for a client. They should consider the type and nature of the client and should obtain and analyze necessary information on the client's objectives (risk and return) and constraints. Managers should maintain and review regularly the investor's objectives and constraints to reflect any changes in the client's circumstances. Where appropriate, managers should properly diversify portfolios.

19、A portfolio manager must determine the client’s constraints, which may include all of the following EXCEPT the client’s:

A)   mortgage payment.

B)   liquidity needs.

C)   time horizon.

D)   tax considerations.

20、Procedures for compliance with Standard III(C), Suitability, include determining all of the following with respect to a client EXCEPT:

A)   social habits and interests.

B)   return objectives.

C)   risk tolerances.

D)   liquidity needs.

答案和详解如下：

16、Stephen Rangen, a former broker, had three accounts consisting of unsophisticated, inexperienced individual investors with limited means. One of these accounts was an elderly couple. The clients wanted to invest in safe, income-producing investments. They relied heavily on Rangen’s advice and expected him to initiate most transactions in their respective accounts. In managing their accounts, Rangen pursued the following strategies: (1) bought U.S. treasury strips and non-dividend paying over-the-counter stocks, (2) used margin accounts, and (3) concentrated the equity portion of their portfolios in one or two stocks. Rangen’s approach led to extremely high turnover rates in all three accounts. The Securities and Exchange Commission sanctioned Rangen for unsuitable recommendations and excessive trading in several accounts.

For this specific situation, which of the following is least likely to be an appropriate compliance procedure involving Standard III(C), Suitability? The broker should:

A)   assess and document each client's risk tolerance.

B)   develop an investment policy statement for each client.

C)   educate clients with respect to the selection of appropriate asset allocations and strategies.

D)   avoid using material nonpublic information received in confidence to benefit clients.

The correct answer was D)

The prohibition against use of material nonpublic information refers to Standard II(A), not Standard III(C), Suitability.

17、For this specific situation, all of the following are appropriate compliance procedures involving Standard III(C), Suitability, EXCEPT:

A)   reviewing investment policy statements regularly.

B)   obtaining proper portfolio diversification where appropriate.

C)   complying with any prohibitions on activities imposed by their employer if a conflict of interest exists.

D)   educating clients about selecting appropriate asset allocations and strategies.

The correct answer was C)    

Standard VI(A), Disclosure of Conflicts, refers to complying with any prohibitions on activities imposed by their employer if a conflict of interest exists and, therefore, is unrelated to Standard III(C).

18、For this specific situation, which of the following policy statements should be adopted to ensure that future violations of this kind do not occur?

A)   Before advising individual clients, managers should review the recommendations provided by the firm's research department. From this set of recommendations, they should select those securities that provide the expected highest return on investment. Managers should review the investor's portfolio at least monthly to see if existing securities should be replaced with those more recently recommended. Managers should turnover portfolios frequently and concentrate holdings within portfolios in order to achieve the highest possible returns for clients.

B)   When making recommendations or taking investment actions, managers should seek to minimize the client's portfolio risk. Managers should review the recommendations of the firm's research department to identify securities with low volatility. In making asset allocation recommendations or decisions for discretionary accounts, managers should weight the portfolios towards dividend-paying stocks and other income-producing assets such as bonds and mortgage REITS. Managers should review portfolios at least semi-annually.

C)   When making investment recommendations or taking investment actions, managers should focus primarily on a client's tax considerations and after-tax returns. Managers should attempt to develop tax-efficient investment strategies and portfolios. Managers should typically avoid high-yielding securities in favor of those expected to result in capital gains. Managers are required to review changes in applicable tax laws and regulations to ensure that the best interests of clients are being met from a tax perspective. Managers should review portfolios at least annually.

D)   Before making any recommendations or taking any investment actions, managers should formulate an investment policy for a client. They should consider the type and nature of the client and should obtain and analyze necessary information on the client's objectives (risk and return) and constraints. Managers should maintain and review regularly the investor's objectives and constraints to reflect any changes in the client's circumstances. Where appropriate, managers should properly diversify portfolios.

The correct answer was D)

Standard III(C) requires that members shall “make a reasonable inquiry into a client’s financial situation, investment experience, and investment objectives prior to making any investment recommendations and shall update this information regularly to allow the members to adjust their investment recommendations to reflect changed circumstances.” The other policy statements focus on maximizing returns, minimizing risk, or focusing on tax considerations. All of these statements may be inconsistent with the needs and circumstances of each individual client.

19、A portfolio manager must determine the client’s constraints, which may include all of the following EXCEPT the client’s:

A)   mortgage payment.

B)   liquidity needs.

C)   time horizon.

D)   tax considerations.

The correct answer was A)    

The mortgage payment per se is of interest to the portfolio manager only insofar as it affects the bigger picture issues such as liquidity needs, cash flow, etc.

20、Procedures for compliance with Standard III(C), Suitability, include determining all of the following with respect to a client EXCEPT:

A)   social habits and interests.

B)   return objectives.

C)   risk tolerances.

D)   liquidity needs.

The correct answer was A)    

The procedures for compliance with Standard III(C) include determining all of the aspects of a client’s investment objectives and constraints mentioned above, but do not include gathering information about the client’s social habits and interests.