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Which of the following would least likely be included in bottom-up equity research?

A)	Dividend yield.

B)	Currency forecasts.

C)	Price-multiple.

D)	Return on equity.

Bottom-up equity research focuses on individual stock valuation so the firms dividend yield, return on equity, and price-multiple would likely be included. Currency valuations are at the macroeconomic level and would be less likely to be included in a bottom-up approach.

Jane Andrews has investigated the economic conditions in the country of Semeria and is forecasting an economic expansion. She then investigates the valuations for cyclical stocks in this country. What equity research approach is she using?

Top-down.

B)	A combination of top-down and bottom-up.

C)	Bottom-up.

D)	Neither top-down nor bottom-up.

Jane is using a combination of top-down and bottom-up. She starts at the country level and after finding attractive economic conditions, she then drops down to the individual stock level to find stocks that are attractive based on their valuations.

A)	Investment recommendations are presented to a committee and the research is available to the public.

B)	Investment recommendations are used to promote stocks and the research is not available to the public.

C)	Investment recommendations are presented to a committee and the research is not available to the public.

D)	Investment recommendations are used to promote stocks and the research is available to the public.

Buy-side equity research is used to formulate investment recommendations for an investment management firm. The analyst usually must present their investment recommendations to and have them approved by a committee. Buy-side research is not usually available to those outside the firm because this is how the firm hopes to establish their competitive advantage.

Sell-side research is often used by an investment bank to promote stocks the bank is selling. It is thus available to the public.

An investment management firm is preparing to hire an independent analyst to recommend security selections for the firms portfolio. The firm would like to keep the managers compensation straightforward and predictable. Which of the following best describes the firms situation? The investment management firm wants to hire a:

A)	buy-side analyst and pay them on ad valorem basis.

B)	buy-side analyst and pay them performance-based fees.

C)	sell-side analyst and pay them performance-based fees.

D)	sell-side analyst and pay them on ad valorem basis.

Sell-side analysts often work for an investment bank that uses the research to promote stocks the bank is selling. Sell-side research is also conducted by independent firms available for hire by investment managers. Ad valorem fees are straightforward and predictable. This is useful when the investor is budgeting investment fees. Performance-based fees are more complex to administer.