Q7. Regarding Patel’s and Shah’s statements about the Red Monkey’s deferred tax liability, which is correct?

          Patel                                      Shah

A)  Incorrect                                 Correct

B)  Correct                                   Correct

C)  Incorrect                                 Incorrect

Q8. Regarding Patel’s and Jayagopal’s statements about the effect of a tax cut from 41% to 31% in year three on Red Monkey, which is correct?

          Patel                                      Jayagopal

A)  Incorrect                                 Incorrect

B)  Correct                                   Correct

C)  Incorrect                                 Correct

Q9. When analyzing a firm’s reconciliation between its effective tax rate and the statutory tax rate, which of the following is least likely a potential cause for the difference between the effective rate and the statutory rate?

A)   Use of accelerated depreciation for tax purposes and straight-line depreciation for reporting purposes.

B)   Differential tax treatment between capital gains and operating income.

C)   Deferred taxes provided on the reinvested earnings of unconsolidated domestic affiliates.

答案和详解如下：

Q7. Regarding Patel’s and Shah’s statements about the Red Monkey’s deferred tax liability, which is correct?

          Patel                                      Shah

A)  Incorrect                                 Correct

B)  Correct                                   Correct

C)  Incorrect                                 Incorrect

Correct answer is A)

Although it is true that the Red Monkey will be renovating the décor frequently, it will not be investing in décor as rapidly as it depreciates it for tax purposes. In years four and five, the Red Monkey will have no depreciation for tax purposes but will still be depreciating the renovations on its books, and in those years its deferred tax liabilities will become due. Deferred tax liabilities are generally deferred indefinitely only if a company invests consistently. Patel’s statement is incorrect.

In order to calculate the total deferred tax liability for year three, we can calculate the deferred tax charge in years one, two, and three and then add them.

Pre-tax income for the Red Monkey for reporting purposes every year equals ($14,384,000 revenue − $5,070,400 straight-line depreciation) = $9,313,600.

For tax purposes, pre-tax income in years one and two equals $14,384,000 revenue – ($25,352,000 × 0.35) = $8,873,200 depreciation, or $5,510,800 in net income per year. Thus the deferred tax charge in years one and two equals the difference in income of ($9,313,600 reported income − $5,510,800 taxable income) = $3,802,800 at a 41% tax rate, or ($3,802,800 × 0.41) = $1,559,148.

For tax purposes, pre-tax income in year three equals $14,384,000 revenue – ($25,352,000 × 0.30) = $7,605,600 depreciation, or $6,778,400 in net income. Thus the deferred tax charge for year three equals the difference in income of ($9,314,000 reported income − $6,778,400 taxable income) = $2,535,600 at a 41% tax rate, or ($2,535,600 × 0.41) = $1,039,596.

Thus the total deferred tax liability at the end of year 3 equals ($1.559 million + $1.559 million + $1.040 million) = $4.158 million. Shah’s statement is correct.

Alternately, we could do this more quickly by recognizing that, in year three, the renovations will be completely depreciated for tax purposes, so that taxable depreciation will have reached their full cost, $25,352,000. We also can calculate that, because the renovations are being depreciated on a straight-line basis over five years, by year three Red Monkey will have depreciated (3 years charged / 5-year asset life) = 60% of their total cost on its books. Thus, the deferred tax liability in year three will be based on the [($25,352,000)× (1 – 0.60)] = $10.141 million in cost not yet depreciated. At a 41% tax rate, the deferred taxes on the cost not yet depreciated will equal ($10.141 million × 0.41) = $4.158 million.

Note that calculating a deferred tax liability directly is often much faster than doing it year by year.

Q8. Regarding Patel’s and Jayagopal’s statements about the effect of a tax cut from 41% to 31% in year three on Red Monkey, which is correct?

          Patel                                      Jayagopal

A)  Incorrect                                 Incorrect

B)  Correct                                   Correct

C)  Incorrect                                 Correct

Correct answer is C)

Using the information we calculated in question 4, we can recalculate the deferred tax liability for years one, two, and three using the lower tax rate:

Deferred tax liability for years one and two equals [($9.314 − $5.511) × 0.31] = $1.179 million. Deferred tax liability for year three equals ($9.314 − $6.778) × 0.31 = $0.786 million. Thus the deferred tax liability on Red Monkey’s balance sheet at the end of year three, after the change in tax rate, will be ($1.179 million + $1.179 million + $0.786 million) = $3.144 million. Alternately, we can calculate the deferred tax liability for year three directly as ($10.141 million × 0.31) = $3.144 million. Using either approach, Patel’s statement is incorrect.

We calculated in question 4 that the deferred tax liability in year three will equal $4.158 million. Thus, Red Monkey’s deferred tax liability will decrease by ($4.158 − $3.144) = $1.014 million due to the new lower tax rate. Thus, Red Monkey will have to make an adjustment of $1.014 million in tax expense in year three, which will result in an increase in net income of $1.014 million. Jayagopal’s statement is correct.

Q9. When analyzing a firm’s reconciliation between its effective tax rate and the statutory tax rate, which of the following is least likely a potential cause for the difference between the effective rate and the statutory rate?

A)   Use of accelerated depreciation for tax purposes and straight-line depreciation for reporting purposes.

B)   Differential tax treatment between capital gains and operating income.

C)   Deferred taxes provided on the reinvested earnings of unconsolidated domestic affiliates.

Correct answer is A)

Potential reasons for a difference between a firm’s statutory and effective tax rates include tax credits, differential tax treatment between capital gains and operating income, and deferred tax provisions on reinvested earnings of unconsolidated domestic affiliates. The difference in depreciation schedules for tax and reporting purposes affects the level of deferred taxes but not the tax rate at which they are calculated.

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