Q10. ABC's fixed asset turnover based on the adjusted balance sheet is:

A)   3.13 times.

B)   2.78 times.

C)   1.92 times.

Q11. George Edwards is a senior analyst with The Edge Group, an independent equity research firm specializing in micro cap

     companies that have recently had an initial public offering, or are likely to go public within the next three years. Over the

     current market cycle, small company stocks have been the leading performers in the equity market, and micro cap money

     managers have had huge cash inflows due to their funds’ strong performance. With an excess amount of cash and few good

investment opportunities due to the high valuations in the marketplace, fund managers have turned to independent research

firms like The Edge Group to help them discover new investment ideas.

With a large number of mutual fund managers asking them for research reports, business at The Edge Group is booming. To help handle the large amount of business, Edwards has hired two new junior analysts, Paul Kelley and Rachael Schmidt. Both Kelley and Schmidt have degrees in finance, and came highly recommended to Edwards.

In Kelley and Schmidt’s orientation meeting, Edwards told them that what has made The Edge Group successful in delivering quality research to its clients is its willingness to dig into company financial statements and not take the accounting numbers at face value. Every item in the financial statements should be scrutinized and adjusted if necessary. Edwards tells the new analysts that if there is one lesson they should learn, it is that “there is a difference between accounting reality and economic reality.”

For their first assignment, Edwards has asked the new analysts to put together a draft of a research report on Landesign, an architecture firm specializing in landscape design for municipalities, residential developments, and wealthy individuals. The firm also sells various kinds of stone and plastic products which are used in landscaping applications. Edwards tells the new analysts that he will help put together the report, but he would like them to do a majority of the legwork.

Since it was founded seven years ago, Landesign has grown at an annual rate exceeding 20%. Much of the growth comes from Landesign’s acquisitions of regional competitors. Edwards points out to the analysts that Landesign uses purchase method accounting. Kelley, looking to impress Edwards with his knowledge, tells him that when one company acquires another, assets of both companies are restated to fair market value, and that higher depreciation can lead to lower quality earnings. Not wanting to be outdone, Schmidt adds that liquidity measures such as the quick ratio and the cash ratio should improve as Landesign makes acquisitions.

Kelley decides to review Landesign’s 2004 financial statements and make notes about significant accounting practices being used. His notes are shown in the exhibit below:

Exhibit 1: Kelley’s Notes on Landesign’s Accounting Practices

§            The firm uses First In, First Out (FIFO) accounting. As a side note, the current inflation rate has remained relatively constant at an annual rate of 3%.

§            Equipment and office furniture are depreciated based on the 200% declining balance method.

§            Fixed assets (equipment) are generally assigned short useful life estimates.

§            The expected return on defined benefit pension plan assets is 2 to 3 percentage points below the long-term rate of return for similar assets.

§            Landesign reports deferred taxes of $350,000 for 2004, compared with $300,000 and $280,000 in deferred taxes for 2003 and 2002, respectively.

Schmidt notices that the footnotes to Landesign’s financial statements include a reference to an agreement to receive a minimum amount of stone used to construct landscape walls from a supplier. Under the terms of the agreement, Landesign will pay for the stone whether it is used in the current accounting period or not. The agreement allows Landesign to pay a price that is significantly less than the current market price for similar quality stone.

A second footnote indicates that Landesign has an eight-year rental commitment for a greenhouse used to grow plants and store mulch that Landesign uses in the landscaping process. On the financial statements, $55,000 in rent expense for the greenhouse is listed on the income statement. The footnote also states that the $55,000 rental expense payment was agreed upon with Fred’s Nursery, the owner of the greenhouse, based upon an interest rate of 7%.

A third footnote indicates that Landesign has sold its accounts receivable to Dais Enterprises for 95% of their original value of $130,000. The footnote indicates that Landesign retains the risk of noncollection of the receivables.

The final footnote on the page indicates that Landesign has a revolving line of credit at which it can borrow funds in the future at an interest rate of 6%.

After going through the informtion, Kelley and Schmidt discuss their findings and start to work on their report for Edwards.

Which of the following items noted in Kelley’s Notes on Landesign’s Accounting Practices would least likely be considered indicators of high earnings quality. Landesign’s use of:

A)   the 200% declining balance method of depreciation on its furniture and equipment.

B)   short useful life estimates for fixed assets.

C)   FIFO accounting in a mildly inflationary economy.

Q10. ABC's fixed asset turnover based on the adjusted balance sheet is: fficeffice" />

A)   3.13 times.

B)   2.78 times.

C)   1.92 times.

Correct answer is B)        

ABC Company Adjusted Balance Sheet (in thousands of dollars)
Assets			Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Cash	$5,000		Accounts payable	$18,000
Marketable securities	3,000		Notes payable	7,000
Accounts receivable	20,000		Total current liabilities	$25,000
Inventories	10,000
Total current assets	$38,000		Long-term debt	$25,000
			Capitalized operating leases	10,000
Net P,P,&E	$90,000		Preferred stock (100,000 shares)	$5,000
Intangible assets	2,000		Common stock (4 million shares)	40,000
			Retained earnings	32,000
Total assets	$130,000		Equity adjustments	-7,000
			Total stockholders' equity	$70,000
			Total liabilities & equity	$130,000

Equity adjustments: ?$8,000 [goodwill] ? 1,000 [increase in long-term debt] + 2,000 [decrease in preferred stock] = ?$7,000

PPE on the adjusted balance sheet is adjusted upward by capitalizing the operating leases by their present value of $10,000. New net PPE = $80,000 + $10,000 leases = $90,000

Fixed asset turnover = sales / fixed assets = $250,000 / $90,000 = 2.78

Q11. George Edwards is a senior analyst with The Edge Group, an independent equity research firm specializing in micro cap

     companies that have recently had an initial public offering, or are likely to go public within the next three years. Over the

     current market cycle, small company stocks have been the leading performers in the equity market, and micro cap money

     managers have had huge cash inflows due to their funds’ strong performance. With an excess amount of cash and few good

investment opportunities due to the high valuations in the marketplace, fund managers have turned to independent research

firms like The Edge Group to help them discover new investment ideas.

With a large number of mutual fund managers asking them for research reports, business at The Edge Group is booming. To help handle the large amount of business, Edwards has hired two new junior analysts, Paul Kelley and Rachael Schmidt. Both Kelley and Schmidt have degrees in finance, and came highly recommended to Edwards.

In Kelley and Schmidt’s orientation meeting, Edwards told them that what has made The Edge Group successful in delivering quality research to its clients is its willingness to dig into company financial statements and not take the accounting numbers at face value. Every item in the financial statements should be scrutinized and adjusted if necessary. Edwards tells the new analysts that if there is one lesson they should learn, it is that “there is a difference between accounting reality and economic reality.”

For their first assignment, Edwards has asked the new analysts to put together a draft of a research report on Landesign, an architecture firm specializing in landscape design for municipalities, residential developments, and wealthy individuals. The firm also sells various kinds of stone and plastic products which are used in landscaping applications. Edwards tells the new analysts that he will help put together the report, but he would like them to do a majority of the legwork.

Since it was founded seven years ago, Landesign has grown at an annual rate exceeding 20%. Much of the growth comes from Landesign’s acquisitions of regional competitors. Edwards points out to the analysts that Landesign uses purchase method accounting. Kelley, looking to impress Edwards with his knowledge, tells him that when one company acquires another, assets of both companies are restated to fair market value, and that higher depreciation can lead to lower quality earnings. Not wanting to be outdone, Schmidt adds that liquidity measures such as the quick ratio and the cash ratio should improve as Landesign makes acquisitions.

Kelley decides to review Landesign’s 2004 financial statements and make notes about significant accounting practices being used. His notes are shown in the exhibit below:

Exhibit 1: Kelley’s Notes on Landesign’s Accounting Practices

§            The firm uses First In, First Out (FIFO) accounting. As a side note, the current inflation rate has remained relatively constant at an annual rate of 3%.

§            Equipment and office furniture are depreciated based on the 200% declining balance method.

§            Fixed assets (equipment) are generally assigned short useful life estimates.

§            The expected return on defined benefit pension plan assets is 2 to 3 percentage points below the long-term rate of return for similar assets.

§            Landesign reports deferred taxes of $350,000 for 2004, compared with $300,000 and $ffice:smarttags" />280,000 in deferred taxes for 2003 and 2002, respectively.

Schmidt notices that the footnotes to Landesign’s financial statements include a reference to an agreement to receive a minimum amount of stone used to construct landscape walls from a supplier. Under the terms of the agreement, Landesign will pay for the stone whether it is used in the current accounting period or not. The agreement allows Landesign to pay a price that is significantly less than the current market price for similar quality stone.

A second footnote indicates that Landesign has an eight-year rental commitment for a greenhouse used to grow plants and store mulch that Landesign uses in the landscaping process. On the financial statements, $55,000 in rent expense for the greenhouse is listed on the income statement. The footnote also states that the $55,000 rental expense payment was agreed upon with Fred’s Nursery, the owner of the greenhouse, based upon an interest rate of 7%.

A third footnote indicates that Landesign has sold its accounts receivable to Dais Enterprises for 95% of their original value of $130,000. The footnote indicates that Landesign retains the risk of noncollection of the receivables.

The final footnote on the page indicates that Landesign has a revolving line of credit at which it can borrow funds in the future at an interest rate of 6%.

After going through the informtion, Kelley and Schmidt discuss their findings and start to work on their report for Edwards.

Which of the following items noted in Kelley’s Notes on Landesign’s Accounting Practices would least likely be considered indicators of high earnings quality. Landesign’s use of:

A)   the 200% declining balance method of depreciation on its furniture and equipment.

B)   short useful life estimates for fixed assets.

C)   FIFO accounting in a mildly inflationary economy.

Correct answer is C)        

High earnings quality is established by a clear and conservative approach to stating earnings. Even though inflation is relatively mild, FIFO accounting will result in lower cost of goods sold (COGS), and higher net income. This is more aggressive than the use of Last In, First Out (LIFO) method. Short useful lives for fixed assets, use of accelerated depreciation, and using a conservative estimate for returns on pension assets will all tend to increase expenses and are examples of conservative accounting practices.