91. An investor takes a short position of 10 futures contracts at $90 on Day 0. The initial margin is $10 per contract. The maintenance margin is $5 per contract. On Day 1, the futures settlement price is $96 and on Day 2, the futures settlement price is $92. At the end of Day 2, the cash ending balance in the margin account is closest to:
A. $80.
B. $120.
C. $140.
92. The lower bound on a European call price is the greater of zero and:
A. the underlying price minus the exercise price.
B. the present value of the exercise price minus the underlying price.
C. the underlying price minus the present value of the exercise price.
93. A description least likely to explain put-call parity is:
A. A fiduciary call option strategy and a protective put option strategy for an underlying asset are equal in value.
B. A put is equivalent to a long call, a long position in the underlying asset, and a long position in the risk-free asset.
C. A call is equivalent to a long put, a long position in the underlying asset, and a short position in the risk-free asset.
91. An investor takes a short position of 10 futures contracts at $90 on Day 0. The initial margin is $10 per contract. The maintenance margin is $5 per contract. On Day 1, the futures settlement price is $96 and on Day 2, the futures settlement price is $92. At the end of Day 2, the cash ending balance in the margin account is closest to:
A. $80.
B. $120.
C. $140.
Answer: C
“Futures Markets and Contracts,” Don M. Chance
2009 Modular Level I, Volume 6, pp. 53-57
Study Session 17-69-c
Describe price limits and the process of marking to market, and compute and interpret the margin balance, given the previous day’s balance and the change in the futures price.
C is correct. The calculations are shown below.
Day |
Beginning |
Funds |
Settlement |
 rice |
Gain/Loss |
Ending |
0 1 2 |
0 100 40 |
100 0 60 |
90 96 92 |
0 6 4 |
0 -60 40 |
100 40 140 |
Answer: C
“Option Markets and Contracts,” Don M. Chance
2009 Modular Level I, Volume 6, pp. 98-101
Study Session 17-70-h
Calculate and interpret the lowest prices of European and American calls and puts based on the rules for minimum values and lower bounds.
European options cannot be exercised until maturity, so the exercise price is adjusted to reflect that the exercise price can be paid and the underlying received only at expiration.
93. A description least likely to explain put-call parity is:
A. A fiduciary call option strategy and a protective put option strategy for an underlying asset are equal in value.
B. A put is equivalent to a long call, a long position in the underlying asset, and a long position in the risk-free asset.
C. A call is equivalent to a long put, a long position in the underlying asset, and a short position in the risk-free asset.
Answer: C
“Option Markets and Contracts”, Don M. Chance
2009 Modular Level I, Volume 6, pp. 106-110
Study Session 17-70-j
Explain put-call parity for European options, and relate put-call parity to arbitrage and the construction of synthetic options.
The put requires a short position in the underlying rather than a long position.
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