whew1110

BS. This example is not a tautology. Only a self referential statement. If I am, I am not= I am not. Unless I am. Logic 101. Or if p true, not p is false and (p and not p) is false (STILL cannot study and not study at he same time) P(study) + P( not study)= 1 is irrelevant. What’s relevant is P(study) * P( not study)= 0. Therefore, if study implies pass and not study fail,and both statements are true, not study cannot imply pass, because it means that study and not study are true at the same time.
3. You are most welcome.