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看到这里有很多考生概念很糊涂,基本的东西没有掌握,我有点想在这个论坛开一个CFA 关键知识点讲座,帮助未来的考生准备一,二级别。

当然,我也是昨天刚刚考的2级,但自认为在Equity Valuation,  Fixed income, Derivative这三个方面掌握得比较扎实,可以帮助未来在这三方面
比较吃力的考生。

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我觉得有两个地方吧,一个是NOTES上讲过是WareHouse,另外一个是只有这个项目的Discount Rate比Capitalization Rate低,所以Growth Rate是负的。

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回复:(ptrell)我狂晕。这里居然有人连Prepayment r...

QUOTE:
以下是引用ptrell在2008-6-9 2:56:00的发言:
Prepayment risk 从广义上来说是属于Interest rate risk的一种。对于MBS(Morgage backed securities)来说,Prepayment risk 是最重要的risk。从事房贷
证卷的Quant们,其构造定价模型的关键之一,除了interest rate 模型外,就是要建造一个prepayment risk,因为其直接影响房贷证卷的价格。

看到这里有考生居然说没听说过prepayment risk, 简直让人掉拖下巴。这样的人去面试fixed income部门的时候,会被立马扫地出门的,因为
prepayment risk在fixed income 部门中占重要地位的MBS系列产品中是常识。

I am not so sure. Isn't PO demostrating negative convexity when the yield is very low? Therefore, if the interest rate is down significantly, The value increase of PO should be slowing down. I didn't choose immediately for this reason, I selected the one saying "paying off but not immediately" I thought CFA is trying to trick us this subtle difference

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QUOTE:
以下是引用ptrell在2008-6-9 2:56:00的发言:
Prepayment risk 从广义上来说是属于Interest rate risk的一种。对于MBS(Morgage backed securities)来说,Prepayment risk 是最重要的risk。从事房贷
证卷的Quant们,其构造定价模型的关键之一,除了interest rate 模型外,就是要建造一个prepayment risk,因为其直接影响房贷证卷的价格。

看到这里有考生居然说没听说过prepayment risk, 简直让人掉拖下巴。这样的人去面试fixed income部门的时候,会被立马扫地出门的,因为
prepayment risk在fixed income 部门中占重要地位的MBS系列产品中是常识
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没有人不知道吧,只不过有人考试的时候紧张,大概没有注意到这个答案。这里的人我估计大多是学生,没有工作经验,有东西不熟也很正常,说话还是客气一点的好。
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QUOTE:
以下是引用chaucy1999在2008-6-9 4:22:00的发言:

I am not so sure. Isn't PO demostrating negative convexity when the yield is very low? Therefore, if the interest rate is down significantly, The value increase of PO should be slowing down. I didn't choose immediately for this reason, I selected the one saying "paying off but not immediately" I thought CFA is trying to trick us this subtle difference


Can't agree more. I remember the negative convexity thing, so I choose B then. There was a question about IO and PO in Schwester Practice Volume I.

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发现北美的题和中国的题有些不一样啊,加拿大好像没有考emerging market inflation的题,Pension里也没有让自己算interest cost的,ethics也很多都不一样,我没看到什么small package。那道downgrade risk,credit spread risk...北美的题里有prepayment risk,但是提干里是callable bond,应该是downgrade risk吧?说了outlook很好啊

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回复:(wuyuan17)ethics: why cannot combine CFA c...

Sorry. Maybe I didn't read the question well. About pension expense, I thought the interest cost was given. Why did you have to calculate yourself? - I am talking about the one asking "economic pension expense"

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回答关于PO 在低利率展现出negative convexity的问题。

其实这个关于PO的题目很简单,用不着想这么复杂: PO是什么? PO就是face value为principal的且不含coupon的bond。 由于prepaymen的不同, payoff的快慢有不同。但有一点是固定的:总共的payoff就是principal,这
个是固定的,只不过分在不同的时间段来pay。所以说越早pay, 价值越高,因为time decay越少。

你们说的关于negative convexity的问题反映出你们对negative convexity 这个概念没有完全理解.

negative convexity是什么意思? 在BOND value vs 利率的曲线上,negative convextiy是代表value 随着利率减小而增大的速度开始减慢,而并不是
指value 停止增长而减小。注意这里指的是value增长的速度,而不是指value的绝对值。 用数学术语来表达就是曲线的斜率减小,而不是指曲线
的斜率正负发生变化。

回想一下,什么样的Bond在低利率下有negative convextity? Callable Bond. 什么是Callable Bond? 就是指BOND价值有个上限,当BOND价值增长到
那个上限的时候,就会被Call, 因此BOND的价值随利率无限减小时无法无限增大,而收敛于Call的Price, 表现在曲线上就是negative convexity.

而PO 可以看作是上限为principal 的BOND, 因为无论利率如何减小, PO的价值最多就是principal,所以当利率无限减小的时候,PO的价格会一直增长,但速度会不断减慢,无限接近于pincipal,所以表现出在低利率下的negative convexicity的性质。

明白了吧?

  

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很多人对bond 的negative convexity属性没有真正理解的原因,我想主要是因为: 是知其然,而不知其所以然,囫囵吞枣,造成的。

其实,金融领域里的规律是很严谨和简洁的,所用的数学并不高深(当然搞quant的除外,那帮人可能要弄一些stochastic process方面的数学,
以及一些PDE,advanced probability theory 等等) , 但一定要理解透,只有理解透了才能明白金融产品价格的变化规律。

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回复:(超级水星人)我记得D是should not read any p...

QUOTE:
以下是引用超级水星人在2008-6-9 1:31:00的发言:
我记得D是should not read any part of the research report. 我看了好几遍了

Are we discussing the one which the analyst sent the report to CFO? And CFO came back saying the target price was too low? Or are we talking about the one, "during quiet periond, the analyst sent a short note for factual correction"?

If we are talking about 1). I remember (but not 100% sure) that the CFO and the analyst are both in the same company. The analyst must not send his/her report to the CFO unless it is for factual verification.

If we are discussing 2), I think there is no voliation because it was sent for factual correction.

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