答案和详解如下： 11．Which of the following regarding the statements made in Munn’s Industry Life Cycle report is TRUE? A) Statements A and B are both correct. B) Statements A and B are both incorrect. C) Statement A is correct, but statement B is incorrect. D) Statement B is correct, but statement A is incorrect. The correct answer was B) The pioneer stage is the earliest stage in the product life cycle. In this stage acceptance of the product or service is uncertain and failures are common. The growth stage represents the second stage where accelerated sales and earnings are common for firms that survived the pioneering stage. It appears Munn forgot about the pioneer stage, therefore Munn’s first statement is incorrect. In the mature stage, industry growth is more in line with the general economy. The decline stage is characterized by falling profit margins as a result of shifting tastes or new technologies overtaking the industry. Industry participants in the decline stage consolidate, reinvent themselves, or fail. It appears that Munn confused the decline and maturity stages, therefore his second statement is incorrect. 12．All of the following factors are reasons that industry structure underlies long-term supply and demand imbalances EXCEPT: A) entry barriers determine the number of new entrants. B) intensity of rivalries determines how capacity/output is expended. C) cost leadership determines who sets the market price. D) exit barriers preclude firms from leaving the market when demand falls off. The correct answer was C) Cost leadership is not a reason that industry structure underlies long-term supply and demand imbalances. 13．Versatron Trading imports machinery parts and components and assembles them into heavy-duty industrial equipment. Which of the following competitive forces are favorable to Versatron? A) The long run average total cost of the industry in which Versatron operates is decreasing. B) Versatron is considering manufacturing some of the components in-house rather than importing. C) The capital requirement to enter into the industry is decreasing. D) A large percentage of Versatron’s sales revenues come from several key corporate accounts. The correct answer was B) Manufacturing components in-house reduces reliance on suppliers which is favorable to Versatron. The other choices are unfavorable. A decreasing long run average cost and a low capital requirement results in lower barriers to entry. A high volume of sales from a few customers means they have more bargaining power. 14．Versatron’s Board of Directors is meeting next month to discuss possible strategies. The Directors recognize that Versatron’s revenues come from several large corporate accounts and customizing to meet their needs can add value to its product and result in a higher price for its product. Which of the following would be the best strategy for Versatron? Versatron should: A) consider a cost leadership strategy to compete with other manufacturers in the industry. B) continue to import its components. C) consider either a strategy that strikes a balance between a differentiation strategy and cost leadership. D) consider a differentiation strategy by customizing its clients’ needs for industrial equipment. The correct answer was D) Since Versatron’s revenues come from several large corporate accounts, customizing to meet their needs can add value to its product and result in a higher price for its product. The other choices are incorrect. A cost strategy is not desirable because Versatron can easily lose its few existing clients if a price war occurs. Importing may not necessarily be advantageous because of risks relating to exchange rates and import duties. A strategy that blends different strategies is risky as Versatron’s product will end up being too expensive to companies looking for a low cost product, and not customized enough for customers looking for products that are tailored to their needs. 15．Which of the following would allow a company to pursue a cost leadership strategy? A) Economics of scale. B) All of these choices are correct. C) Special access to raw materials. D) Technological innovation. The correct answer was B) Cost advantages can arise from economies of scale, technological innovation, or special access to raw materials. | 
发表于 2008-5-17 17:49
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