Reading 22: Monitoring Jobs and the Price Level-LOS c 习题精选 2011, employment, relation, between

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Session 5: Economics: Market Structure and Macroeconomic Analysis
Reading 22: Monitoring Jobs and the Price Level

LOS c: Explain the types of unemployment, full employment, the natural rate of unemployment, and the relation between unemployment and real GDP.

 

 

Unemployment due to the time it takes for qualified workers to be matched with existing job openings describes:

A) frictional unemployment.

B) structural unemployment.

C) cyclical unemployment.

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Structural unemployment is due to structural changes in the economy that eliminate some jobs while generating job openings for which unemployed workers are not qualified. Cyclical unemployment results from short-term deviations from "full employment."

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The natural rate of unemployment is the sum of:

A) structural and cyclical unemployment.

B) frictional and cyclical unemployment.

C) frictional and structural unemployment.

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The sum of the frictional and structural unemployment rates is called the natural rate of unemployment. Unemployment is at its natural rate when the rate of cyclical unemployment is zero.

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When real GDP falls below potential GDP:

A) structural unemployment increases.

B) cyclical unemployment increases.

C) cyclical unemployment decreases.

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When real GDP falls below potential GDP, cyclical unemployment increases. When real GDP increases, cyclical unemployment decreases. Structural unemployment arises from a mismatch of employer needs and workers’ skills and is not directly related to cyclical changes in GDP growth.

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Full employment is said to occur when:

A) cyclical unemployment equals zero.

B) the natural rate of unemployment equals zero.

C) structural and frictional unemployment approach zero.

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Cyclical unemployment is unemployment caused by a change in the general level of economic productivity. When cyclical unemployment is zero, the economy is said to be operating at full employment.

Note: When the economy is operating at less than full capacity, positive levels of cyclical unemployment will be present. At levels above full capacity, negative cyclical unemployment will exist.

The natural rate of unemployment is that rate of unemployment present when the economy is at its full employment rate of production or output. At full employment, both structural and frictional unemployment still exist. Therefore, there is some level of unemployment, and the natural rate of unemployment is not equal to zero.

The “number unemployed divided by the number in the labor force” is the definition of the rate of unemployment. There is no magical number or parameter that indicates full employment.

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Which of the following is zero when an economy is at full employment?

A) Cyclical unemployment.

B) Frictional unemployment.

C) Structural unemployment.

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Full employment is reached when cyclical unemployment is zero.

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Which of the following is NOT a type of unemployment?

A) Temporal.

B) Frictional.

C) Structural.

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There are only three types of unemployment: frictional, cyclical, and structural.

• Frictional unemployment is due to constant changes in the economy that prevent qualified workers from being immediately matched with existing job openings.
• Cyclical unemployment is when the economy is operating at less than full capacity.
• Structural unemployment is due to structural changes in the economy that eliminate some jobs while generating job openings for which unemployed workers are not qualified.

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At full employment:

A) structural unemployment is zero.

B) cyclical unemployment is zero

C) frictional unemployment is zero.

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When the economy is operating at less than full capacity, positive levels of cyclical unemployment will be present. At levels above full capacity negative cyclical unemployment will exist.

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Which type of unemployment describes situations where qualified workers are not immediately matched with existing job openings?

A) Frictional.

B) Structural.

C) Cyclical.

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Frictional unemployment will prevent qualified workers from being immediately matched with existing job openings. Two causes are imperfect information and the job search conducted by both employers and employees.

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Cyclical unemployment is closely associated with:

A) fluctuations in the natural rate of unemployment.

B) long-term economic growth.

C) short-run fluctuations in the economy.

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Cyclical unemployment is caused by a change in the general level of economic productivity and occurs when the economy is not operating at full employment. Like a recession, cyclical unemployment is a short-run phenomenon. Frictional and structural unemployment exist even when the economy is operating a full employment, and thus are considered long-run types of unemployment.