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C is correct. `Well-diversified investors are relatively unaffected by firm-specific events, and therefore risk management does not provide homemade hedging.
Reference: 6. René Stulz, Risk Management & Derivatives. Chapter 3.
A is incorrect. Risk management creates value by reducing deadweight costs.
B is incorrect. Risk management reduces the probability of future debt overhang which increases firm value.
D is incorrect. Risk management reduces taxes, particularly when income is taxed differently at different levels. |