| Given that markets are efficient, which of the following is least likely to cause an actively managed mutual fund to underperform an index fund? 
 
 
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| C) | Inferior stock selection. |  |  
 
 
 
Inferior stock selection would not be a reason because, in an efficient market, all securities are priced perfectly. Therefore, there are no undervalued or overvalued securities. Since all securities are perfectly priced, the investor should select a strategy that minimizes taxes, transactions costs, and management expenses. |