Session 17: Derivative Investments: Options, Swaps, and Interest Rate and Credit Derivatives Reading 61: Swap Markets and Contracts 
 LOS b, (Part 1): Explain the equivalence of interest rate swaps to a series of off market forward rate agreements (FRAs). 
  
  
  
An off-market forward rate agreement (FRA): 
 
 
| 
 A)  | 
provides a series of payments. |    |  
| 
 B)  | 
has a positive value at contract initiation. |    |  
| 
 C)  | 
cannot be priced with market rates. |    |    
 
   
An off-market FRA has a contract rate that differs from the zero-value rate at the inception of the contract; by definition, it has a positive value to one of the parties to the FRA.   |