1．A differentiator can lose its competitive position by all of the following EXCEPT:

A)   increased competition from smaller differentiation focusers.

B)   by losing differentiation parity.

C)   by losing cost parity.

D)   by losing pricing power without gaining an advantage in its cost structure.

2．Differentiation parity is important to which of the following strategies?

A)   Differentiation and differentiation focus.

B)   Cost leadership and differentiation focus.

C)   Cost leadership and cost focus.

D)   Differentiation and cost focus.

3．All of the following are typically associated with cost leadership EXCEPT:

A)   above industry-average pricing.

B)   economies of scale.

C)   technological innovation.

D)   special access to raw materials.

答案和详解如下：

1．A differentiator can lose its competitive position by all of the following EXCEPT:

A)   increased competition from smaller differentiation focusers.

B)   by losing differentiation parity.

C)   by losing cost parity.

D)   by losing pricing power without gaining an advantage in its cost structure.

The correct answer was B)

A differentiator can lose its competitive position by losing cost parity, i.e. losing pricing power without gaining an advantage in its cost structure, and from increased competition from smaller differentiation focusers.

2．Differentiation parity is important to which of the following strategies?

A)   Differentiation and differentiation focus.

B)   Cost leadership and differentiation focus.

C)   Cost leadership and cost focus.

D)   Differentiation and cost focus.

The correct answer was C)

Differentiation parity is important to cost leadership and cost focus; consumers must perceive the firm’s product as being similar to the competitors’ products.

3．All of the following are typically associated with cost leadership EXCEPT:

A)   above industry-average pricing.

B)   economies of scale.

C)   technological innovation.

D)   special access to raw materials.

The correct answer was A)

Economies of scale, technological innovation, and special access to raw materials can all give rise to cost leadership positions. Cost leadership typically results in pricing at or just below the industry average.