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31. The following information was obtained from a company’s 10-k.

Number of shares outstanding, June 30, 20x2

1,500,000

Issuance of shares, September 30, 20x2

1,000,000

Repurchase of shares, December 31, 20x2

500,000

Stock split, March 31, 20x3

3-for-1

Firm’s weighted average number of shares outstanding for the one-year period ended June 30,20x3 is closest to:
A.
3,000,000.
B.
4,500,000.
C.
6,000,000.
D.


Ans: C.
The weighted average number of shares outstanding is time weighted: 3/12 of the year there were 1,500,000 shares, 3/12 of the year there were 2,500,000 (1,500,000+1,000,000),3/12 of the year there were 2,000,000 (1,500,000+1,000,000-500,000) on a pre-split basis (the stock split is treated retroactively to the start of the year), and 3/12 of the year there were 6,000,000 (=2,000,000 x 3)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding for the one-year period:
[(1,500,000 x 3/12) + (2,500,000 x 3/12)+(2,000,000 x 2/12)] x 3+6,000,000 x 3/12= 6,000,000

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32. An analyst gathered the following information about a company:

Shares of common stock

1,000,000


Net income for the year

$1,500,000


Par value of convertible bonds with a 4% coupon rate

$10,000,000


Par value of cumulative preferred stock with a 7% dividend rate

$2,000,000


Tax rate

30%


The bonds were issued at par and can be converted into 300,000 common shares. All securities were outstanding for the entire year.
Diluted earnings per share for the company are closest to:
A. $1.05.
B. $1.26.
C. $1.36.


Ans: B.



Basic EPS

Diluted EPS: Bond converted

Net Income

$1,500,000

$1,500,000

Preferred Dividends

$(140,000)

$(140,000)

After-tax cost of interest
.04 x 10,000,000 x (1-0.30)



$280,000

Numerator

$1,360,000

$1,640,000

Average common shares outstanding

1,000,000

1,000,000

Preferred converted





Bond converted



300,000

Denominator

100,000

1,300,000

EPS

$1.36

$1.26

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33. Income statements for two companies (A and B) and the common-sized income statement for the industry are provided below:

All $ figures in ‘000s

Company A

Company B

Industry

Sales

$10,500

$8,250

100.00%

COGS

6,353

5,239

62.8%

SG&A

2,625

2,021

24.8%

Interest expense

840

536

7.0%

Pretax earnings

683

454

5.4%

Taxes

205

145

1.7%

Net earnings

$478

$309

3.7%

The best conclusion an analyst can make is:
A. Company B’s interest rate is lower than the industry average.
B. Both companies’ tax rates are higher than the industry average.
C. Company A earns a higher gross margin than both Company B and the industry.


Ans: C.



Company A

Company B

Industry

Sales

100.00%

100.00%

100.00%

COGS

60.5%

63.5%

62.8%

Gross margin

39.5%

36.5%

37.2%

Company A earns a higher gross margin than both Company B and the industry.




A is incorrect. The interest rate is not a function of sales and cannot be analyzed on a common sized income statement.


B is incorrect.

Tax rates are determined based on taxes ÷ pretax earnings, not as a percentage of sales (as shown in common sized analysis).




Company A

Company B

Industry

Pretax earnings

6.5%

5.5%

5.4%

Taxes

2.0%

1.8%

1.7%

Tax rate = taxes ÷ pretax earnings




30%

32%

32%

The tax rates for the companies are not higher than the industry.

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34. The following information is available for Ajax Company’s most recent fiscal year:

Basic earnings per share

$1.50


Net income

$20,000,000


Preferred dividends

$5,000,000


Weighted average shares outstanding (WASO)

10,000,000


Preferred shares outstanding throughout period

1,000,000


The $100 par value preferred stock pays a 5% dividend. Each preferred share may be converted into five common shares. The preferred stock market price is $102 per share and the common stock trades at $19 per share.
Diluted earnings per share (EPS) for Ajax company is closest to:
A. $1.00.
B. $1.33.
C. $1.50.


Ans: B.
Diluted EPS is derived from the following calculation:
Diluted EPS=
To calculate the dilutive effect of the preferred shares, assume that the shares were converted at the beginning of the period. Assuming this conversion, the $5,000,000 preferred dividends would not have been paid and there would have been an additional 5,000,000 common shares (5 new shares for each preferred share outstanding). The formula is:

Net income available to common shareholders was $15,000,000 ($20m-$5m in preferred dividends). If the shares were converted, the $5m in preferred dividends is added back.
Diluted EPS cannot exceed basic EPS. Basic EPS is calculated as follows:

The diluted EPS does not exceed basic EPS. Had diluted EPS exceeded basic EPS, the convertible preferred stock would have been anti-dilutive and diluted EPS would be the same s basic EPS.

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35. Which of the following transactions would typically be included as part of a company’s income from discontinued operations reported on the income statement?

A. A gain from the sale of an investment.

B. A loss incurred from the settlement of a lawsuit.

C. A loss from the operations of a business component classified as “held for sale.”
  Ans: C.

A loss from the operations of “held for sale” business components that have separately identifiable operations, assets and cash flows would typically be reported under discontinued operations.

  

A and B are incorrect. Although each item is considered an unusual or infrequent item, it would be reported as part of income from continuing operations. If significant, the item may be reported as a separate line item as long as it is presented on a pretax basis, appears “above the line”, and is not presented as an extraordinary item.

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36. Bao Company reported net income for the year ended December 31, 2012 of $6,000,000. The company’s tax rate was 40%. At the same date, the company had outstanding $30 million in 6% convertible bonds with a conversion price of $60 per share and 3 million common shares with a par value of $10. The only change in the capital structure during 2012 was the repurchase of 100,000 common shares on April 1.
Bao’s diluted earnings per share for 2012 were closest to:
A. $2.01.
B. $1.98.
C. $1.91.


Ans: B.
Weighted average shares outstanding =
3,100,000 outstanding before treasury repurchase for ? of the year = 775,000
3,000,000 outstanding before treasury repurchase for ?  of the year = 2,250,000
Weighted average shares = 775,000+2,250,000 = 3,025,000
Basic EPS= income from continuing operations/ WASO
                 =$6,000,000/3,025,000 = $1.98
Potential common shares from bond conversion
=$30,000,000 /$60 = 500,000 shares
Reduction of interest expense net of taxes
=$30 million x 6% x (1-0.4) = $1,080,000
Adjusted EPS assuming conversion
=($6,000,000+1,080,000)/(3,025,000+500,000)
=$2.01
The adjustment for the bond conversion is anti-dilutive (the diluted EPS as calculated is smaller than basic EPS) so basic EPS and diluted EPS are the same at $1.98.

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37. A company’s comparative income statements and balance sheets are presented below.

Income statement

For the year ended 31 August

(U.S. $ thousands)



2012

2011


Sales

$100,000

$95,000


COGS

47,000

47,500


Gross profit

53,000

47,500


Operating expenses

34,000

38,000


Interest expense

2,400

2,700


Earnings before taxes

16,600

6,800


Income taxes 33%

5,478

2,244


Net income

$11,122

$4,556



Balance sheet

As at 31 August

(U.S. $ thousands)



2012

2011


Assets




Cash & investments

$21,122

$25,000


Accounts receivable

25,000

13,500


Inventories

13,000

8,500


Total current assets

$59,122

$47,000


Total long-term assets

72,000

80,000


Total assets

$131,122

$127,000






Liabilities




Accounts payable

$15,000

$15,000


Other current liabilities

7,000

9,000


Total current liabilities

$22,000

$24,000


Long-term debt

35,000

40,000


Total liabilities

$57,000

$64,000


Shareholders’ equity




Common stock

$58,000

$58,000


Retained earnings

16,122

5,000



$74,122

$63,000


Total liabilities & equity

$131,122

$127,000


The cash collected from customers in 2012 is closest to:
A.
$88,500.
B.
$96,100.
C.
$111,500.

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38.  Under U.S.GAAP, foreign currency translation adjustments are most likely reported in the company’s:

A. income statement.

B. statement of cash flows.

C. statement of stockholders’ equity.

  
  Ans: C.

The statement of stockholders’ equity includes accumulated other comprehensive income that contains the foreign currency translation adjustment.

Note: other comprehensive income includes transactions that are not included in net income, such as:

·         Foreign currency translation gains and losses.

·         Adjustments for minimum pension liability.

·         Unrealized gains and losses from cash flow hedging derivatives.

·         Unrealized gains and losses from available-for-sale securities.

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39.Is the reporting of an extraordinary item, net of tax, allowed under U.S.GAAP and IFRS?

A. Yes, under both.

B. Yes under IFRS, but not under U.S.GAAP.

C. Yes under U.S.GAAP, but not under IFRS.

  
  Ans: C.

Under U.S.GAAP, an extraordinary item is a material transaction or event that is both unusual and infrequent in occurrence.

IFRS does not allow extraordinary items to be separated from operating results in the income statement.

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40. under U.S.GAAP, disclosures related to the valuation allowance for changes in the carrying amount of a company’s noncurrent investment securities will most likely be included in the company’s:

A. income statement.

B. statement of cash flows.

C. statement of stockholders’ equity.
  Ans: C.

The statement of stockholders’ equity includes accumulated other comprehensive income that contains the unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities.

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