Grab Bag of 4 Questions concepts, following, completed, first

Nishant1

I have completed my first pass through the level three material. Even after reading through the following concepts at least a couple of times, I still do not feel that I have an adequate understanding to answer questions on the exam. Thank you in advance for the help.
Study Session 3: Why are “layered pyramids” considered a psychological bias? Isn’t this just a version of a constant proportion portfolio?
Study Session 4: Deferred taxes equation. TECG = TCG [(1-PI+PD+PCG))/1-(PITI+PDTD+PCGTCG)] The numerator in this equation appears to be zero.
Study Session 5: How does the economic balance sheet effect beta? Does the economic balance sheet effect beta more than the “actual” balance sheet?
Study Session 12: How are differential voting rights and dual class shares different?