onelife1

Declaration date - when the company announces that it will pay dividends
Ex - Dividend date (always two days before the holder of record date) . If you sell a share between this period and the holder of record date you are still entitled to the dividend. If you buy a share in this period you do not get the dividend. If you buy one day before the ex-dividend date, you get a dividend.
Hold of Record date - Designated day by the company.
Payament date - self explanatory
Edit: See the magician has answered already