土豆妮

Which of the following subsidiary ratios will be affected by the translation adjustment under the all-current method?

A) Return on equity.

B) Gross margin.

C) Net profit margin.

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The translation adjustment will affect the book value of equity and therefore the return on equity ratio. The other ratios are pure ratios (both component of the ratio come from the income statement) and are not affected by translation.

土豆妮

Which of the following statements most accurately describes a financial effect of translation?

A) Accounts receivable turnover ratios are affected.

B) The debt/equity ratio is higher under re-measurement if the foreign currency depreciates.

C) Use of the temporal method may distort profit margins.

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Profit margins may be distorted, especially if FIFO inventory accounting is used.

土豆妮

Wasson Brothers (WB) is a large U.S. based conglomerate with many subsidiaries in both the U.S. and abroad. One of WB's wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries, Kasamatsu Industries, is based in Japan and manufactures a hugely successful line of trading cards, toys, and other related products. All of Kasamatsu's operations and sales take place in Japan, and the corresponding transactions are denominated in Japanese yen. Additionally, Kasamatsu's books and records are all maintained in yen. WB reports its earnings in U.S. dollars. The history of the exchange rate between the dollar and the yen over the last two years is presented in the following table. Figures are presented in yen/$.

Yen/Dollar Exchange Rate
December 31, 2002	150
December 31, 2001	130
2002 Average	140
2001 Average	120
Exchange rate on date that 2002 dividends were paid to Wasson Brothers	145
Exchange rate on date of stock issue and acquisition of fixed assets.	100

Jameson would like to look at some of Kasamatsu's figures in U.S. dollars. However, she must use the appropriate rate to convert the numbers from yen into dollars. What is the appropriate exchange rate (yen/$) to use in converting Kasamatsu's assets?

A) 140.

B) 100.

C) 150.

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Because the current method of currency translation is being used all assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date. In this particular case, the exchange rate prevailing on December 31, 2002, is the appropriate rate.

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Jameson would like to look at some of Kasamatsu's figures in U.S. dollars. What would be the appropriate exchange rate (yen/$) to use in translating Kasamatsu's liabilities into U.S. dollars?

A) 150.

B) 140.

C) 100.

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Under the current method, assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the balance sheet date.

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Jameson would like to look at some of Kasamatsu's figures in U.S. dollars. What would be the appropriate exchange rate (yen/$) to use in translating Kasamatsu's capital stock into U.S. dollars?

A) 130.

B) 150.

C) 100.

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Because WB issued stock and acquired Kasamatsu and their capital stock, they must carry that capital stock on their balance sheet at historical cost, which will be the basis for calculating depreciation expense. Therefore, even though this is a balance sheet item, the exchange rate that prevailed on the date of the acquisition of the capital stock must be used to translate into the reporting currency. Using the exchange rate that was effective on the balance sheet date would be improper, as this would cause the "historical" cost of the capital stock to fluctuate.

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土豆妮

The Precision Screen Printers (PSP) Company has a foreign subsidiary, the Acer Tool & Die Company, located in the country of Rolivia. The currency of Rolivia is the Chad. The balance sheet and income statement of Acer Tool & Die Company for the year-ended December 31, 2002, is shown below. The balance sheet has been restated using the U.S. dollar as the functional currency.

Acer Tool & Die Company Balance Sheet As of December 31, 2002
	Chad (millions)		Exchange Rate (Chad/US$)		U.S. $ (millions)
Cash	20		0.25		$80
Accounts receivable	30		0.25		120
Inventory	100		0.3125		320
Fixed assets (net)	500		0.3333		1,500
Total assets	650				$2,020
Accounts payable	50		0.25		$200
Capital stock	380		0.3333		1,140
Retained earnings	220		--		680
Total liabilities and equity	650				$2,020

Acer Tool & Die Company Income Statement For year ending December 31, 2002 (Amounts in millions of Chad)
Revenues	1,000
Cost of sales	700
Depreciation expense	50
Selling expense	30
Net income	220

The exchange rate at the beginning of 2002 was 0.3333 Chad/US$. The exchange rate at the end of 2002 was 0.25 Chad/US$. The average rate for 2002 is 0.3125 Chad/US$. Beginning inventory is 90 Chad. Acer Tool & Die uses FIFO inventory valuation and depreciates fixed assets using the straight-line method.

Using the current rate method for the Acer Tool & Die Company, what is the value of total assets after translation?

A) $2,020.

B) $2,600.

C) $1,950.

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With the current rate method, all balance sheet items except for common stock are translated at the current rate. Total assets = 650 / 0.25 = $2,600.

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土豆妮

The Herlitzka Company, a U.S. multinational firm, has a 100% stake in a Swiss subsidiary. The U.S. dollar (USD) has been determined to be the functional currency. All the common stock of the subsidiary was issued at the beginning of the year and the subsidiary uses the weighted-average inventory cost-flow assumption. In addition, the value of the SF is as follows:

Beginning of year	$0.5902
Average throughout the year	$0.6002
End of year	$0.6150

The SF-based balance sheet and income statement data for the Swiss subsidiary are as follows:

Accounts receivable	= 3,000
Inventory	= 4,000
Fixed assets	= 12,000
Accounts payable	= 2,000
Long-term debt	= 5,000
Common stock	= 10,000
Retained earnings	= 2,000
Net income	= 2,000

The total value of net monetary assets is equal to:

A) -4,000 SF.

B) 12,000 SF.

C) 3,000 SF.

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Monetary assets and liabilities include cash, A/R, A/P and Long-term debt. Hence, net monetary assets is equal to 3,000 ? (2,000 + 5,000) = -4,000 SF.

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土豆妮

Dell Air Lines has recently acquired Australian Puddle Jumpers, Inc., a small airline located in Sydney. The Australian dollar has been chosen by Dell as the functional currency for APJ. The Balance Sheet of APJ is given below as of ATE year="2005" day="31" M="M" >Dec. 31, 2004 in Australian dollars.

Assets			Liabilities and Equity
Cash	$200		A/P	$180
A/R	240		Common Stock	720
Maintenance Supplies	180
Fixed Assets	280
Total Assets	$900		Total Liab & Equity	$900

APJ's income statement for the year ending ATE year="2005" day="31" M="M" >Dec. 31, 2005 is expressed in Australian dollars as:

Sales	3,500
Total Costs	2,900
Net Income	600

The Australian dollar has steadily depreciated against the U.S. dollar. At ATE year="2004" day="31" M="M" >Dec. 31, 2004, the exchange rate was 2 Australian dollars = $1 but at ATE year="2002" day="31" M="M" >Dec. 31, 2005, the exchange rate had deteriorated to 3 Australian dollars = $1.

The Dec. 31, 2005 Balance Sheet for APJ is given in Australian dollars as follows:

Assets			Liabilities and Equity
Cash	441		A/P	210
A/R	330		Common Stock	720
Supplies	291		Retained Earnings	600
Fixed Assets	468
Total Assets	1,530		Total Liab. & Equity	1,530

On APJ's 2005 income statement, the level of sales in U.S. dollars would be:

A) $1,750.

B) $1,167.

C) $1,400.

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Since the Australian $ is both the local and the functional currency, use the current rate method. The items in the income statement are translated at the average exchange rate under FASB 52. The average rate is (2 + 3) / 2 = 2.5 Australian dollars = $1.

Income Statement (in $)

Sales (3,500 / 2.5)	$1,400
Costs (2,900 / 2.5)	$1,160
Net Income	$240

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On APJ's 2005 balance sheet, the level of accounts receivable is U.S. dollars would be:

A) $165.

B) $132.

C) $110.

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Since the Australian $ is both the local and the functional currency, use the current rate method.

In the balance sheet, all accounts are translated at the current exchange rate, except for the common stock account, which is translated at the historical rate.

A/R (330 / 3) = 110

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On APJ's 2005 balance sheet, the level of fixed assets in U.S. dollars would be:

A) $156.

B) $234.

C) $187.

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Since the Australian $ is both the local and the functional currency, use the current rate method. In the balance sheet, all accounts are translated at the current exchange rate, except for the common stock account, which is translated at the historical rate.

Fixed Assets (468 / 3) = 156

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土豆妮

Wasson Brothers (WB) is a large U.S. based conglomerate with many subsidiaries in both the U.S. and abroad. One of WB's wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries, Kasamatsu Industries, is based in Japan and manufactures a hugely successful line of trading cards, toys, and other related products. All of Kasamatsu's operations and sales take place in Japan, and the corresponding transactions are denominated in Japanese yen. Additionally, Kasamatsu's books and records are all maintained in yen. WB reports its earnings in U.S. dollars. The history of the exchange rate between the dollar and the yen over the last two years is presented in the following table. Figures are presented in /$.

Yen/Dollar Exchange Rate
December 31, 2002	150
December 31, 2001	130
2002 Average	140
2001 Average	120
Exchange rate on date that 2002 dividends were paid to Wasson Brothers	145
Exchange rate on date of stock issue and acquisition of fixed assets.	100

If Jameson wishes to convert any of the figures on Kasamatsu's Income Statement from yen to dollars, she should use which of the following exchange rates (/$)?

A) 150.

B) 140.

C) 130.

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Ideally, all of the components on the income statement would be translated at the exchange rate that was in effect on the day that the transactions took place. For example, all sales that occurred on March 15, 2002, would be translated at the exchange rate that prevailed on that date. Likewise, if a large portion of inventory was purchased on October 27, 2002, then the appropriate portion of cost of goods sold would be calculated using the exchange rate from October 27, 2002. This however, is not especially practical, especially for a very large company with many transactions. The common practice is to use the average exchange rate for the accounting year, in this case 140 JPY/USD.

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Jameson would like to look at some of Kasamatsu's figures in U.S. dollars. What would be the appropriate exchange rate (/$) to use in translating Kasamatsu's reported dividends into U.S. dollars?

A) 145.

B) 150.

C) 140.

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Because an asset is, in effect, being transferred from the balance sheet of the subsidiary to that of the parent (in this case the asset is cash in the form of a dividend) on a known date, it is appropriate to use the exchange rate that prevails on the dividend date.

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土豆妮

Wasson Brothers (WB) is a large U.S. based conglomerate with many subsidiaries in both the U.S. and abroad. One of WB's wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries, Kasamatsu Industries, is based in Japan and manufactures a hugely successful line of trading cards, toys, and other related products. All of Kasamatsu's operations and sales take place in Japan, and the corresponding transactions are denominated in Japanese yen. Additionally, Kasamatsu's books and records are all maintained in yen. WB reports its earnings in U.S. dollars. The history of the exchange rate between the dollar and the yen over the last two years is presented in the following table. Figures are presented in yen/$.

Yen/Dollar Exchange Rate
December 31, 2002	150
December 31, 2001	130
2002 Average	140
2001 Average	120
Exchange rate on date that 2002 dividends were paid to Wasson Brothers	145
Exchange rate on date of stock issue and acquisition of fixed assets.	100

Shelly Jameson is an analyst with Henderson-Wells, an investment banking firm in New York, and is the chief analyst covering WB. She believes that the enormous success of the trading cards has contributed greatly to WB's bottom line. However, she believes that this effect may be misstated in the company's financial statements because of the recent volatility in exchange rates. Many analysts at other major investment banking firms have been raising their ratings on WB because of the recent earnings growth. Jameson, however, wants to be absolutely certain that these results are accurate and fully attributable to Kasamatsu's hot new product and not a result of an exchange rate fluctuation. The following are the financial statements of Kasamatsu, stated in thousands of yen.

Financial Statements for Year Ending December 31, 2002 (in thousands on yen)
Statement of Income and Retained Earnings
Sales			700,000
Expenses
	Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)		280,000
	Depreciation		126,000
	SG&A		77,000
		Total Expenses	483,000
Earnings Before Taxes (EBT)			217,000
Income Tax Expense			98,000
Net Income			119,000
Retained Earnings: December 31, 2001			250,000
			369,000
Dividends			58,000
Retained Earnings: December 31, 2002 *			311,000
* Retained earnings on 12/31/2002 were US $2million

Balance Sheet
Assets
	Cash and receivables		60,000
	Inventory		180,000
	Land		200,000
	Fixed assets		346,000
		Total assets	786,000
Liabilities and stockholder's equity
	Liabilities		300,000
	Capital stock		175,000
	Retained earnings		311,000
		Total liabilities and stockholder's equity	786,000

Jameson has finally completed translating all the necessary figures into dollars and now wants to compute how much WB's reported sales in dollars will change due to Kasamatsu's sales. Which of the following is closest to Jameson's answer (in thousands of dollars)?

A) $4,828.

B) $5,000.

C) $4,667.

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The basis for using the all current method is when Functional Currency is NOT the same as Parent's Presentation (reporting) Currency. The basis for using the temporal method is when Functional Currency = Parent's Presentation Currency.

Because sales is an income statement item, the 2002 average exchange rate of 140, JPY/USD must be used to calculate sales in the reporting currency. Kasamatsu's sales were JPY 700,000. The calculation is:

700,000 140

= 5,000

WB will report $5,000 of sales as a result of Kasamatsu's operations. Both remaining answers use incorrect exchange rates.

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What will Jameson find to be the U.S. dollar impact of Kasamatsu's total selling expenses on WB's financial statements (in thousands of dollars)?

A) $3,450.

B) $3,220.

C) $4,150.

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Total selling expenses include cost of goods sold, depreciation, and SG&A. Kasamatsu reported a total of JP 483,000. Since these are all income statement items they must all be translated at the average 2002 exchange rate of 140 JP/US$. Therefore, the calculation is:

483,000 140

= 3,450

Both remaining answers use incorrect exchange rates.

土豆妮

The Precision Screen Printers (PSP) Company has a foreign subsidiary, the Acer Tool & Die Company, located in the country of Rolivia. The currency of Rolivia is the Chad. The balance sheet and income statement of Acer Tool & Die Company for the year-ended December 31, 2005, is shown below. The balance sheet has been restated using the U.S. dollar as the functional currency.

Acer Tool & Die Company Balance Sheet As of December 31, 2005
	Chad (millions)		Exchange Rate (Chad/US$)		U.S. $ (millions)
Cash	20		0.25		$80
Accounts receivable	30		0.25		120
Inventory	100		0.3125		320
Fixed assets (net)	500		0.3333		1,500
Total assets	650				$2,020
Accounts payable	50		0.25		$200
Capital stock	380		0.3333		1,140
Retained earnings	220		--		680
Total liabilities and equity	650				$2,020

Acer Tool & Die Company Income Statement For year ending December 31, 2005 (Amounts in millions of Chad)
Revenues	1,000
Cost of sales	700
Depreciation expense	50
Selling expense	30
Translation gain (or loss)
Net income	220

Acer has determined that the exchange rate exposure at the beginning of 2005 is ?260 Chad.

The exchange rate at the beginning of 2005 was 0.3333 Chad/US$. The exchange rate at the end of 2005 was 0.25 Chad/US$. The average rate for 2005 is 0.3125 Chad/US$. Beginning inventory is 90 Chad. Acer Tool & Die uses FIFO inventory valuation and depreciates fixed assets using the straight-line method. Assume that retained earnings at year end 2004 were zero, the historical exchange rate for depreciation is 0.333, and no dividends were paid during 2005.

What is Acer Tool & Die's cost of sales in U.S. dollars using the temporal method?

A) $2,242.

B) $2,240.

C) $2,222.

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Purchases = COGS ? Beginning inventory + ending inventory = 710 Chad

	Chad	Conversion	US$
Beginning inventory	90	0.3333	$270
Purchases	710	0.3125	2,272
Ending inventory	100	0.3125	320
COGS	700		$2,222

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What is the remeasurement gain or loss for the period using the temporal method?

A) $50 gain.

B) $32 loss.

C) $52 loss.

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Remeasured income statement under temporal method:

Revenues = 1000/0.3125 = 3200

COGS = 2222 (from previous question)

Depreciation = 50/0.3333 = 150

Selling expense = 30/0.3125 = 96

Income before remeasurement gain = 3200 ? 2222 ? 150 ? 96 = 732

Net income = 680 (= retained earnings at year end 2005 ? retained earnings at year end 2004)

Remeasurement gain/loss = 680 ? 732 = -52

土豆妮

Dell Air Lines has recently acquired Australian Puddle Jumpers, Inc. (APJ), a small airline located in Sydney . The Australian dollar has been chosen by Dell as the functional currency for APJ. The Balance Sheet of APJ is given below as of ATE year="2001" day="31" M="M" >Dec. 31, 2001 in U.S. dollars.

Assets			Liabilities and Equity
Cash	$100		Accounts Payable (A/P)	$90
Accounts Receivable (A/R)	120		Common Stock	360
Maintenance Supplies	90
Fixed Assets	140
Total Assets	$450		Total Liabilities & Equity	$450

APJ's income statement for the year ending ATE year="2002" day="31" M="M" >Dec. 31, 2002 is expressed in Australian dollars as:

Sales	3,500
Total Costs	2,900
Net Income	600

The Australian dollar has steadily depreciated against the U.S. dollar. At ATE year="2001" day="31" M="M" >Dec. 31, 2001, the exchange rate was 2.5 Australian dollars = $1 but at ATE year="2002" day="31" M="M" >Dec. 31, 2002, the exchange rate had deteriorated to 3 Australian dollars = $1.

The Dec. 31, 2002 Balance Sheet for APJ is given in Australian dollars as follows:

Assets			Liabilities and Equity
Cash	441		A/P	210
A/R	330		Common Stock	720
Supplies	291		Retained Earnings	600
Fixed Assets	468
Total Assets	1,530		Total Liabilities & Equity	1,530

On APJ's 2002 income statement, the level of sales in U.S. dollars would be:

A) $1,985.

B) $1,272.

C) $1,167.

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The basis for using the all current method is when Functional Currency is NOT the same as Parent's Presentation (reporting) Currency. The basis for using the temporal method is when Functional Currency = Parent's Presentation Currency.

Since the Australian dollar is the functional currency, use the current rate method. The items in the income statement are translated at the average exchange rate under FASB 52. The average rate is (2.5 + 3) / 2 = 2.75 Australian dollars = $1.

Income Statement (in $)

Sales (3,500 / 2.75)	$1,272
Costs (2,900 / 2.75)	$1,055
Net Income	$217

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On APJ's 2002 income statement, the level of net income in U.S. dollars would be:

A) $242.

B) $200.

C) $217.

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Since the Australian dollar is the functional currency, use the current rate method. The items in the income statement are translated at the average exchange rate under FASB 52. The average rate is (2.5 + 3) / 2 = 2.75 Australian dollars = $1.

Income Statement (in $)

Sales (3,500 / 2.75)	$1,272
Costs (2,900 / 2.75)	$1,055
Net Income	$217

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On APJ's 2002 balance sheet, the level of accounts receivable is U.S. dollars would be:

A) $110.

B) $330.

C) $132.

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Since the Australian dollar is the functional currency, use the current rate method.

In the balance sheet, all accounts are translated at the current exchange rate, except for the common stock account, which is translated at the historical rate.

A/R (330 / 3) = 110

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