Using the current five-year spot rate and the current four-year spot rate, we can derive the one-year forward rate starting four years from today. The formula is: (1.061)5/(1.059)4 = (1+R)1 – 1 = 0.069, or 6.9 percent.
The spot rate yield curve shows the appropriate rates for discounting single cash flows occuring at different times in the future. Conceptually, these rates are equivalent to yields on zero-coupon bonds. The par bond yield curve shows the YTMs on coupon bonds by maturity. Forward rates are expected future short-term rates. Reinvestment rates are not part of the spot rate yield curve.